Варіант 1. International business

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

1. What is international business? To some people, it means "big business". These people see international business as dominated by giant corporations whose economic power is so great that it may even compromise the political autonomy of nation-states. Other people equate international business with international trade, thinking only in terms of exports andimports. International business can mean either big opportunities or big problems. To get a better idea of what international business is let's look briefly at a few of these:

2. Exports — these are products and services a company in one country sells to customers in another country. Direct investment — when the German company Volkswagen, puts up an assembly plant in Brazil, the investment is termed "direct". Imports — these are products or services a customer in one country buys from a supplier in another country. Licensing - when Germany's Volkswagen transfers robotics technology to its Brazilian plant, it licenses the Brazilian plant (i.e., a subsidiary's company) to use the robotics technology. Portfolio investment - when Fidelity, the large U. S. mutual fund company, buys stock in British Telecom, a portfolio investment occurs. Loans – these arise when a borrower in one country becomes indebted to a lender in another country. Chase Manhattan Bank's loan to the government of Hungary is a cross-border loan. Unilateral transfers - when one receives a gift from someone from another country, a unilateral transfer occurs. The U. S. government's food aid to less developed countries is a type of unilateral transfer.

3. In addition to the activities, there are a few others, such as turnkey, projects, management contracts, franchising, and so on. An example ofa turnkey project occurred when Italy's Fiat built a truck plant for a Russian state-owned enterprise. Management contracts, which are common within multinational companies, involve charging an overseas subsidiary for services provided by the parent company. International franchising, which can be viewed as a licensing and management contract "package" involves a franchiser contracting with franchisees in foreign countries, such as Blockbuster Video contracting with a franchisee in Canada.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

економічна потужність, міжнародна торгівля, прямі інвестиції, постачальник, купувати

акції, позичальник, підриємство з державною формою власності, дочірнє підприємство,

ліцензія.

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

экономическая мощь, международная торговля, прямые инвестиции, поставщик,

покупать акции, заемщик, предприятие с государственной формой собственности,

дочернее предприятие, лицензия

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 2.

Переведите письменно абзац 2.

III. Випишіть з тексту форми Present Participle і Past Participle у дві колонки.

Перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста формы Present Participle и Past Participle в две колонки.

Переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 3 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 3 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is international business?
2. What does the term ‘portfolio investment’ mean?

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