Варіант 3. Globalization: What is it?

Globalization: What is it?

1. The term ‘globalization’ is overused and misused in international business. For example, global marketing strategy for some people means a plan to sell in markets all over the world (where the company does business). For others, a global marketing strategy is one that focuses on customer similarities and uses large-scale manufacturing and superior quality to standardize products and services worldwide (how the company does business).

2. More recently, globalization is taking on a new meaning - as a strategy for beating their competitors. Over time, however, globalizing firms are becoming more significant than their predecessors, the multinationals, for two reasons. One is that there are many of them. Second, they are placing production plants all over the world to gain the benefits of lower-cost labor and better-educated workers. Management is removing the barriers within their companies to allow the free flow of ideas and people. For cultural diversity, many are offering top management positions to citizens from countries other than the home country.

3. There are three interrelated forces leading international firms to the globalization of their production and marketing: 1. Advances in computer and communications technology permit an increased flow of ideas and information across borders, enabling customers to learn about foreign goods. Global communications networks enable manufacturing personnel to coordinate production and design functions worldwide so that plants in many parts of the world may be working on the same product. 2. The progressive reduction of barriers to investment and trade by most governments are hastening the opening of new markets by international firms that are both exporting to them and building production facilities for local manufacture. 3. There is a trend toward the unification and socialization of the global community. Preferential trading arrangements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Union, that group several nations into a single market have presented firms with significant marketing opportunities.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

міжнародний бізнес; дешева робоча сила; усувати бар’єри; координувати виробництво;

єдиний ринок; зосереджуватись; важливий; отримати користь; пропонувати посаду

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

международный бизнес; дешевая рабочая сила; устранять барьеры; координировать

производство; единый рынок; сосредоточиться; получить выгоду; предлагать

должность

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 3.

Переведите письменно абзац 3.

III. Випишіть з тексту форми Present Participle і Past Participle у дві колонки.

Перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста формы Present Participle и Past Participle в две колонки.

Переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 2 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 2 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the term globalization mean?
2. What forces lead international firms to the globalization of their production and marketing?

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