Free Trade Area

1. Several levels of economic integration are possible in theory. From least integrated to most integrated, they are a free trade area, a customs union, a common market, an economic union, and, finally, a full political union.

2. In a free trade area all barriers to the trade of goods and services among member-countries are removed. In the theoretically ideal free trade area, no discriminatory tariffs, quotas, subsidies, or administrative impediments are allowed to distort trade between member-countries. Each country, however, is allowed to determine its own trade policies with regard to nonmembers. Thus, for example, the tariffs placed on the products of nonmember countries may vary from member-country to member-country.

3. The most enduring free trade area in the world is the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Established in January 1960, EFTA currently joins three countries — Norway, Iceland, and Switzerland — down from six in 1995 (on January 1, 1996, three EFTA members, Austria, Finland, and Sweden, joined the EU). EFTA was founded by those Western European countries that initially decided not to be part of the European Community (the forerunner of the European Union). Its original members included Austria, Britain, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, all of whom are now members of the European Union (EU). The emphasis of EFTA was free trade in industrial goods. Agriculture was left out of the arrangement, each member was allowed to determine its own level of support. Members were also free to determine the level of protection applied to goods coming from outside EFTA. Other free trade areas form the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The move toward economic union raises the issue of how to make a coordinating bureaucracy accountable to the citizens of member-nations. The answer is through political union. The EU is already on the road toward political union.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

митний союз, визначати торгову політику; встановлювати тарифи; перекручувати

(спотворювати) торгівлю; вступати до союзу; вільна торгівля, рівень захисту,

піднимати питання

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

таможенный союз, определять торговую политику; устанавливать тарифы; нарушать

торговые отношения; вступать в союз; свободная торговля, уровень защиты,

поднимать вопрос

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 2.

Переведите письменно абзац 2.

III. Випишіть з тексту словосполучення з Past Participle та перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста словосочетания с Past Participle и переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 3 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 3 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1.What are the levels of economic integration?

2. What is characteristic of a Free Trade Area?

Дата добавления: 2015-07-14