Introductory words

In practice	На практиці; фактично
In other words	Іншими словами
In fact	Насправді
On the one hand / On the other hand	З одного боку / З іншого боку
By the way	Доречі
For instance	Наприклад
Nevertheless	Тим не менш
Thus	Отже
Fortunately / Unfortunately	Нащастя / Нажаль
Hopefully	Будемо сподіватись, що
At any rate	У всякому випадку
Besides	Крім того

1. Write a concluding paragraph to the text. Use the following expressions: thus, therefore, in summary, it may be concluded.

Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

1. Francis Edgeworth, who imagined a happiness sensor, was from Ireland.

2. People are always happy being investigated.

3. Scientists decided to analize the emotional level of people by using Internet.

3. Study the definitions of the following words and then compose sentences with them:

hedonism –	the doctrine that pleasure is the chief good in life; also: a way of life based on this;
happiness –	a state of well-being and contentment; also: a pleasurable satisfaction;
feeling –	expressing emotion or sensitivity;
emotion –	intense feeling (as of love, hate, or despair);
sensor –	a device that responds to a physical stimulus;
opportunity –	1) a favorable combination of circumstances, time, and place; 2) a chance for advancement.

4. Give written translation of the following expressions:

можливість реєструвати рівень емоцій; підрахунок почуття щастя; датчик рівня щастя; механізм дистанційного чуття; стандартні англійські слова; викликаючи емоції; нові дослідження з вимірювання настрою людини; психологічна валентність.

Grammar Practice

Choose from the text the sentences containing the Participle. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.

2. Change direct questions into indirect ones. Use the following to begin your indirect questions: “ I wonder ” or “ I am not sure ”.

1. What strange device did Francis Edgeworth imagine?

2. Was it just a daydream?

3. Are social scientists trying to measure happiness?

4. Do you want to have a remote-sensing mechanism that can record human feelings?

5. Who has created such mechanism?

6. Where do these creators work?

7. How many blogs were analyzed to receive the emotional level of people?

3. Give the nouns from which the following adjectives are derived:

optimistic, individual, computing, personal, emotional, psychological, affective.

What noun-forming suffixes do you know? Draw a pictorial “word-flower” of adjective-forming suffixes you know.

4. Find all occurrences of the words ending - s in the text and explain their functions.

Time for Fun

· How many programmers does it take to turn in a light bulb? – None. It’s a hardware problem.

· A young man hired by a supermarket reported for his first day of work. The manager greeted him with a warm handshake and a smile, gave him a broom and said, “Your first job will be to sweep out the store.”

“But I’m a Harward graduate,” the young man replied indignantly.

“Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t know that,” said the manager. “Here, give me the broom and I’ll show you how.”

· Two young men who had just graduated from Harvard were all excited and talking effusively as they got into a taxi in Boston downtown. After listening tothem for a couple of minutes the cab driver asked, “You men Harvard graduates?”

“Yes Sir! Class of ‘94!” they answered proudly.

Then the cab driver turned back to shake their hand, “Class of ‘58.”

· Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I’m not sure about the universe. (Albert Einstein)

II. Popular Science Texts

1. Can Train Technology Reinvent the Wheel?

a destination	призначення	a successor	спадкоємець
a pod	«капсула», стручок	a juggernaut	страшна сила
a vehicle	транспортний засіб	adoption	прийняття
conventional	традиційний	a commuter	пасажир
to rely on	залежати від	malfunction	несправність
hovercraft	апарат на повітряній подушці	reliable	надійний
a cushion	подушка	involvement	участь
a pace	швидкість	inherently	від природи

Rail transport has not fundamentally changed in the 200 years since the invention of metal rails but a new wave of transport ideas could change the way we commute forever.

A personal car that drives itself automatically to your destination may sound like science fiction but new “pods” at Heathrow Airport in London have achieved just that – taking passengers from car park to terminal quickly, easily and driven entirely autonomously.

The idea of Personal Rapid Transit, as it is called, is to make public transport more personal, allowing on-demand journeys at the push of a button, all controlled by computers and lasers rather than a human.

One blue-sky idea is the Aero-Train – a plane-like vehicle which travels at up to 350 km/h (220 mph) just 10cm above the ground. The vehicle uses a technology known as ground-effect which removes the friction that makes conventional rail transport less efficient and uses aerodynamics to reduce drag. Its speed relies on aerodynamics similar to those used in a plane or a hovercraft, using the air as a cushion to prevent it from touching the floor.

But there are trains in use right now that never touch the ground. The train is held from the ground by a magnetic field – the term “maglev” is short for magnetic levitation – and powered by motors that, without as much friction, allow it to go at very high speeds. Maglev trains have been tested to run up to 581 km/h (361 mph), according to Guinness World Records, quite a pace considering there is no contact between the train and the ground.

What was once widely considered the successor to high-speed rail, maglev networks has struggled with investment in recent years, especially outside of East Asia.

So, is reinventing the wheel likely to change public transport forever?

“The steel wheel on steel rail has been in existence for nearly 200 years and it hasn’t fundamentally changed in all that time,” says Richard Anderson, managing director of the Railway and Transport Strategy Centre at Imperial College London. “There’s a momentum in the industry that steel rail is a juggernaut that can’t be stopped. It’s here to stay.” And that is where most governments are targeting their funding. While the future of public transport as a whole is one of much debate, high-speed rail seems to be close to widespread global adoption. Around the world more and more high-speed networks are appearing, costing billions to develop with the promise of improved infrastructure and vast economic benefits.

So what can high-speed rail offer?

Surprisingly, it seems like speed may not be the most important thing about implementing new networks at all. “ The thing about high-speed rail is not so much speed as capacity,” says Mr Anderson. “The best metros and trams around the world provide mass transport – they move lots of people very efficiently. The advances in technology are going to be important but, after safety, the amount of people that can travel is vital.”

And safety is the one thing that causes most concern among commuters. With the general definition for High-Speed Rail being around 150 mph (240 km/h), any minor malfunction could lead to catastrophe.

But in general, driverless public transport is believed to be around 30% more reliable than if it was being driven by a human. “Most modern metros are automatic, which increases reliability,” says Mr Anderson. “This is because you’re cutting out a certain level of human involvement, which inherently causes problems.”

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30