Find all the sentences with subordinate clauses in the text. Define their types.

13. New Material for Computer Memory

dramatically	значно	a vehicle	транспортний засіб
to boost	підвищувати	to reduce	зменшувати
storage	зберігання; пам’ять	a generation	покоління
to allow	дозволяти	to withstand	витримувати
definition	чіткість	an engine	двигун
to exceed	перевищувати	to improve	покращувати
a breakthrough	прорив	a technique	метод
doping	легування	application	застосування
an impurity	домішка	harnessing	підкорення

North Carolina State University engineers have created a new material that would allow a fingernail-size computer chip to store the equivalent of 20 high-definition DVDs or 250 million pages of text, far exceeding the storage capacities of today’s computer memory systems. The engineers made their breakthrough using the process of selective doping, in which an impurity is added to a material that changes its properties. The process also shows promise for boosting vehicles’ fuel economy and reducing heat produced by semiconductors, a potentially important development for more efficient energy production. Information storage is not the only area where advances could be made. By introducing metallic properties into ceramics engineers could develop a new generation of ceramic engines able to withstand twice the temperatures of normal engines and achieve fuel economy of 80 miles per gallon. And since the thermal conductivity of the material would be improved, the technique could also have applications in harnessing alternative energy sources like solar energy.

Speech patterns

far exceeding	значно перевищуючий
by far the best	явно найкращий
far and away the most important	безсумнівно найважливіший
so far	досі
as far as I know	наскільки я знаю

Say whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

1. North Carolina State University engineers have created a new computer.

2. The invention may decrease the fuel consumption of cars.

3. Another application of the technology is creating new generations of engines and solar cells.

2. Give synonyms to the following words:

to allow, to store, to change, to boost, to reduce, important, to withstand, technique.

Choose one of the options to fill in the gaps.

1. The scientist has ___ a new theory that promises to change our understanding of the universe.

a) created b) compared c) conducted

2. Even a small amount of ___ can make the water unfit for drinking.

a) properties b) semiconductors c) impurities

3. Bicycle is the most environmentally friendly ___.

a) engine b) vessel c) vehicle

4. People have used the wind as an energy ___ for a long time.

a) resource b) source c) sauce

5. The total ___ of Ukraine is 603,550 sq km.

a) areal b) square c) area

4. Give your own definitions to the following words from the text:

an engineer, a computer, memory, an impurity, a vehicle, ceramics.

Complete the sentences with the information from the text.

1. American engineers developed a computer memory chip able to ___.

2. Selective doping is the process where ___.

3. In vehicles, the new invention promises ___.

4. A new generation of ceramic engines can be made due to ___.

5. Thanks to better conductivity, the new material will be applied in ___.

Grammar Practice

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