Say whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE. 1. The article discusses the virus of AIDS.

1. The article discusses the virus of AIDS.

2. The research shows the dependence of immunization rates and the evolution of the virus.

3. The virus is not evolving any more.

2. Give English equivalents for the following word combinations:

захист імунної системи; попередня вакцинація; сучасний штам грипу; темп імунізації; амінокислоти; рівень імунітету населення; вірус грипу; державні санітарні службовці; ймовірність зростання зара-ження.

3. Give antonyms to the following words:

different, individual, to spread, to increase, to allow, to combine, previous, useful, to remain.

Write a list of keywords of the text.

Grammar Practice

1. Give as many derivatives as possible of the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:

continually, public, official, different, length, infection, combine, health.

Change the following sentences into negative.

1. The influenza virus evolves.

2. These findings can help to prevent future outbreaks.

3. Public health officials will be able to assess the usefulness of a vaccine.

4. The paper was published in the scientific journal.

3. Find all the occurrences of the words ending - s in the text and explain their functions.

9. First DNA Molecule Made Almost Entirely Of Artificial Parts

entirely	цілком	variety	різноманітність
artificial	штучний	a cell	клітина
an improvement	вдосконалення	to craft	виготовляти
a gene	ген	equipment	устаткування
to extend	розширити	a framework	каркас; рама
capability	здатність	a strand	смуга
a blueprint	копія	to resemble	нагадувати
a set	набір; множина	triple-stranded	три-спіральний

Chemists in Japan report development of the world’s first DNA molecule made almost entirely of artificial parts. The finding could lead to improvements in gene therapy, futuristic nano-sized computers, and other high-tech advances, they say. Scientists have tried for years to develop artificial versions of DNA in order to extend its amazing information storage capabilities. As the genetic blueprint of all life forms, DNA uses the same set of four basic building blocks, known as bases, to code for a variety of proteins used in cell functioning and development. Until now, scientists have only been able to craft DNA molecules with one or a few artificial parts, including certain bases. The researchers from Japan used high-tech DNA synthesis equipment to connect together four entirely new, artificial bases inside the sugar-based framework of a DNA molecule. This resulted in unusually stable, double-stranded structures resembling natural DNA. Like natural DNA, the new structures were right-handed and some easily formed triple-stranded structures. The unique chemistry of these structures and their high stability offer unprecedented possibilities for developing new biotech materials and applications.

Speech patterns

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