Use the required form of the verbs in brackets.

Several billion Euros (to spend) every year on the building and repairing of European roads. Intensive efforts (to make) to improve the methods for quality control of materials. A new method of using sound waves already (to develop) by a young scientist. The introduction of this technology (to prevent) horrible accidents.

4. Find all the occurrences of the verb “ to be ” in the text and explain their functions.

3. What is the Volume & Chemical Composition of Blood?

approximately	приблизно	adipose	тваринний жир
to suspend	зависати	tissue	біол. тканина
suspension	суспензія, завись	cellular	клітинний
a platelet	тромбоцит	remainder	залишок, решта
bottom	нижній	to dissolve	розчиняти(ся)
abundant	хім. поширений	a coat	мед. оболонка
straw-colored	блідо-жовтий	buffy	жовтий

Blood is slightly more dense and approximately 3-4 times more viscous than water. Blood consists of cells which are suspended in a liquid. As with other suspensions, the components of blood can be separated by filtration, however, the most common method of separating blood is to centrifuge (spin) it. Three layers are visible in centrifuged blood. The straw-colored liquid portion, called plasma, forms at the top (~55%). A thin cream-colored layer, called the buffy coat, forms below the plasma. The buffy coat consists of white blood cells and platelets. The red blood cells form the heavy bottom portion of the separated mixture (~45%).

Blood volume is variable, but tends to be about 8% of body weight. Factors such as body size, amount of adipose tissue, and electrolyte concentrations all affect volume. The average adult has about 5 liters of blood.

Blood consists of cellular material (99% red blood cells, with white blood cells and platelets making up the remainder), water, amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, vitamins, electrolytes, dissolved gases, and cellular wastes. Each red blood cell is about 1/3 hemoglobin, by volume. Plasma is about 92% water, with plasma proteins as the most abundant solutes. The main plasma protein groups are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens. The primary blood gases are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Speech patterns

tend to be	як правило
It tends to be cold at night.	Як правило, у ночі прохолодно.

as with other	як і інші
As with other suspensions, the components of blood can be separated by filtration.	Як і інші суспензії, компоненти крові можуть бути розділені за допомогою фільтрації

1. Write English equivalents of the following word combinations:

найбільш поширена розчинна речовина, основні групи плазми білка, хімічний склад крові, найбільш поширений метод поділу крові, рідина блідо-жовтого кольору, кремовий тонкий шар, оболонка жовтого кольору, розчинені гази, білі та червоні клітини крові, жирова тканина, важка нижня частина, розділена суміш.

				c
				h
				e
				m
				i
				s
				t
				r
				y

Find synonyms and antonyms for the following words. Complete the puzzle inserting the words into the rows.

Dense, white, viscous, common, layer, average, heavy, main, weight.

Complete the following sentences to write a summary of the text.

1. The text is devoted to …

2. The aim is to convince a reader …

3. The major attention is paid to...

4. The main conclusion is …

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