Adjectives and adverbs

efficient - эффективный, действенный, квалифицированный; умелый;

rural - деревенский, сельский;

urban – городской;

secure - безопасный, надежно защищенный;

interconnected - взаимосвязанный; соединённый;

extensive – обширный; широкий; повсеместный;

fragile - хрупкий, ломкий; непрочный;

(inter)dependent – (взаимо)зависимый;

logistic (logistical) – логистический; имеющий отношение к логистике;

overall – полный; общий, всеобщий;

accessible - доступный; достижимый;

sustained – длительный, непрерывный;

increasingly - в большей степени, в большей мере;

WORD STUDY

Ex. 1. Form derivatives from the following verbs. Consult a dictionary and translate the words.

To access, to achieve, to consume, to distribute, to emerge, to establish, to evolve, to identify, to execute, to procure, to store.

Ex. 2 Form all possible word-combinations using the words of both columns and, if necessary, given prepositions. Translate them into Russian.

A.

1) accomplishment a) chain

2) consumption b) transport

3) consequence c) flow

4) efficiency d) goods

5) execution of e) project

6) freight f) operation

7) flow g) resources

8) logistics h) crisis

9) storage i) production

10) supply j) support

B. 1)to access a) payment

2) to achieve b) customer requirements

3) to comprise c) all the components

4) to conform d) objectives

5) to demand to e) information

6) to entail f) the supply of equipment

7) to evaluate g) costs

8) to implement h) expenses

9) to incur i) data

10) to refer j) plan

Ex. 3. Match the adjectives listed below with the definitions that follow.

Accessible, efficient, extensive, fragile, overall, rural, secure, sustained, urban, logistic.

1) Universal, total, all-embracing.

2) Easy to approach.

3) Located in the country, out of town.

4) Capable, competent; producing effect.

5) Safe, free from risk.

6) Wide, large, all-round.

7) Belonging or related to logistics.

8) Continuous, long-run, lasting, constant, steady.

9) Delicate, unstable, short-lived, undurable.

10) Relating to a town or a city.

Ex. 4. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate word from the list below:

Negative impacts, storage of goods, supply chain, logistics, consumption point, logistics operation, transportation, logistics support.

1) Logistics refers to the efficient transport and ….. throughout the supply chain.

2) Importance of …. increased along with increase of geographical distance between the production point and ….

3) No business project could be completed without strong …. behind it.

4) The challenge lies in reducing freight transport's …. on the natural and social habitats.

5) Initially raw material and finished products were moved on a small distance but it has changed with progress in …..

6) The complexity of a …. generally depends on the number of firms involved.

7) The global …. has become increasingly complex and interconnected.

READING ACTIVITIES

LOGISTICS

"Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time."

To be well aware – хорошо знать;

residence centres – места проживания;

supplies to troops – снабжение войск;

fossil fuel – ископаемое топливо;

regarding the environmental and social dimensions – что касается природного и социального аспекта;

natural and social habitats – природная и социальная среда обитания.

As any businessperson will no doubt be well aware already, logistics is central to the function of commerce. Without it, the wheels of business simply wouldn’t turn. In short, logistics refers to the efficient transport and storage of goods throughout the supply chain.

The term of logistics is comparatively new but the action has existed since the beginning of civilization. Initially raw material and finished products were moved on a small distance but it has changed with progress in transportation. Population started to move from rural to urban zones. People stopped living near production centres and production stopped taking place near residence centres. Importance of logistics increased along with increase of geographical distance between the production point and consumption point.

The term has military origins and was originally used to refer to the secure supply of equipment and supplies to troops, but since the 1950s has increasingly been used in reference to business. Decisive factor has appeared recently. The business scene has changed over the past 20 years. The globalization, the free market and the competition has demanded that the clients get the right material, at the right time and in the right condition but at the lowest cost. The global supply chain has become increasingly complex and interconnected. As the global economy continues to evolve in this direction today, logistics is going to play an even more central role over the coming years.

In short, no business project could be completed without strong logistics support behind it. Even the smallest businesses have to find suppliers, which means they have to consider logistics. Of course, the complexity of a logistics operation generally depends on the number of firms involved, the nature of the supply chain and the distance. Larger businesses which specialise in a number of different areas will often have a more extensive logistics operation of their own.

However large or small your business, logistics can help you save money by improving efficiency. Supply chains are often fragile and complex, comprised of a large number of interdependent components. Logistics can help you make sense of the various processes that comprise the supply chain, right from the start to the end. Put simply, your organisation can’t afford to do without it.

What is logistics? Logistics is planning, execution, and control of the procurement, movement, and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. In other words logistics is the overall management of the way in which all kinds of resources are obtained, stored and moved to the locations where they are required. It may also be defined as the ‘management of inventory in motion and at rest’. Logistics management entails the following: to identify potential suppliers and distributors; to evaluate how accessible and effective they are; to establish relationships and to sign contracts with the companies who offer the best combination of price and service.

Logistics has a big importance in business today. Success of marketing, manufacturing and project accomplishment is dependent on logistics support.

Logistics has also become an industry in its own right, enjoying sustained growth over the past years. With ever increasing volumes in freight transport, logistics needs to find solutions to the emerging consequences of this growth. In economic terms, these relate to the costs incurred through congestion, labour shortages and to the dependency on fossil fuels. Regarding the environmental and social dimensions the challenge lies in reducing freight transport's negative impacts on the natural and social habitats. Logistics service providers need to help develop solutions to these issues.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-29