Ex. 8. Translate the following. Pay attention to Participle II.

1. The limitations imposed reduced the influence of radiation.

2. Any endeavour to clarify the question concerned implied fundamental understanding of the problem as a whole.

3. The flux of neutrinos received yielded information that might upset (відкидати) current theories of nuclear processes within the sun and similar stars.

4. It is essential to emphasize the methods established resulted in a considerable technical progress.

Ex. 9. Mind the difference of the function of the Past Participle.

Example: The apparatus assembled in another way will operate better.

Апарат, зібраний іншим способом...

Assembled in another way the apparatus will operate better.

Якщо (коли) зібрати апарат іншим способом, він...

1. A body immersed in a fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid, which will fill the space occupied by the immersed part of the body.

2. Immersed in a fluid a body experiences an upward force equal to...

3. Charged particles pushed at the right angles to the magnetic field move in a circle rather than in a straight line.

4. Pushed at the right angles to the magnetic field charged particles move in a circle rather than in a straight line.

5. Many compounds subjected to other forms of energy can be decomposed into simpler compounds or into their constituent elements.

6. Subjected to other forms of energy many compounds can be decomposed into simpler compounds or into their constituent elements.

Ex. 10. Change the time clause into the Past Participle Construction with and without "when".

Example: When acoustic holograms are viewed by laser light they become three-dimensional pictures. - (When, if) viewed by laser light acoustic holograms become three-dimensional pictures.

1. When a wire is properly insulated it may be used in conditions of excessive moisture (вологість).

2. If metallic conductors are cooled to very low temperatures they lose all their electrical resistance.

3. When the scientists were encouraged by favourable response to their results they continued their investigations with great enthusiasm.

Ex. 11. Translate. Mind the Past and the Present Participle Construction.

I

1. Once established, quantum mechanics and quantum statistics permitted countless analytical predictions to be made, many of which were confirmed by the experiment.

2. It is the property of the electrons to radiate energy when accelerated that accounts for many of the properties of the upper layer of the atmosphere.

3. The obstacle (перешкода) although expected should be overcome otherwise it will obscure (приховувати, робити незрозумілими) the results.

4. It wouldn't be an exaggeration to say that the present state of science if compared with what was known some three years ago conforms to this gigantic task.

5. If followed accurately the method may prove advantageous.

6. Mechanics deals with the behaviour of various types of bodies such as particles, rigid bodies, liquids and solids, when subjected to the action of external forces.

7. Unless interpreted in this way this evidence seems hardly strong enough to be accepted.

8. Unless eliminated the obstacle standing in the way of progress will delay further development of science.

9. In the table, unless otherwise stated, the values are at 18°C, so that the calculations based on the figures in the table must take this temperature into account.

10. Until calibrated the device cannot be relied upon and it can hardly be adequate for the present purpose.

11. Thus extended the theorem is perhaps sufficiently general to embrace the whole field of dissipative forces.

12. Given the fuel to be intended for long distance interplanetary flights we could have solved the problem of flight to other stars.

13. Given a wave train (хвильовий цуг), the amplitude spectrum is likely to be determined more accurately than the phase spectrum by Fourier analysis.

II

1. While handling radioactive substances we had to take a lot of precautions.

2. When applying this research pattern to the moon and the planets, one is confronted with another problem, namely, how these bodies were originally formed.

3. The capacitor stores energy in the electric field between its plates, while being charged, and returns that energy to the circuit when it is discharging.

4. Our society generates enormous amounts of electric power while at the same time protecting the environment.

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