Participle II as an Adverbial modifier

№	Adverbial Modifier	Questions	Conjunctions / particles	Examples
	Of time	When?	conjunctions: · while · when · until	· George was rather amiable when spoken to, but naturally silent. = Джордж был довольно любезным, когда с ним говорили, но от природы молчаливым. / Джордж був досить люб'язним, коли з ним говорили, але від природи мовчазним. · When asked, the little girl wasn’t able to give her name and address. = Когда ее спросили, девочка не смогла назвать свое имя и адрес. / Коли її запитали, дівчинка не змогла назвати своє ім'я й адресу. · Derek would never stop arguing until interrupted. = Дерек никогда не переставал спорить, пока его не прерывали. / Дерек ніколи не переставав сперечатися, поки його не переривали.
	Of reason (cause)	Why? For what reason?		Educated in the best universities of Britain, these young people easily find prestigious jobs in London. = Получившие образование в лучших университетах Британии, эти молодые люди легко находят престижную работу в Лондоне. / Здобувши освіту в кращих університетах Британії, ці молоді люди легко знаходять престижну роботу в Лондоні.
	Of comparison	No identifying questions	Conjunctions: · as if · as though	· Susan was listening to the old woman’s story as if hypnotized. – Сьюзан слушала рассказ старушки, как завороженная. / · Ted couldn’t move a finger as though paralyzed with fear. – Тед не мог и пальцем пошевельнуть, как будто он был парализован от страха./
	Of condition	In what case? On what condition?	Conjunctions: · if · unless	Professor Garrison could speak for hours unless interrupted. – Профессор Гаррисон мог говорить часами, если его не прерывали. /
	Of concession	No identifying questions	Conjunction: · though · although	· Jane’s spirit, though crushed, was not broken. · Although asked quite innocently, Greta’s question was full of viciousness. = Хотя он и был задан довольно невинно, вопрос Греты был полон злобы. / Хоча воно і було задано досить безневинно, питання Грети було повним злості.

TASK 22. Sort out the sentences given below into the corresponding columns of the table according to the function of participle I and II in the sentence. The first sentence has been done for you.

Attributes	1,
Adverbial modifiers of time
Adverbial modifiers of cause/reason
Adverbial modifiers of manner and attendant circumstances
Adverbial modifiers of condition
Adverbial modifiers of comparison
Adverbial modifiers of concession
Predicatives

1. The door opened, but into a little space leading to another door.

2. Mel stopped, realizing he was talking to himself.

3. Reaching the hotel at Knightsbridge, he went to their sitting-room, and rang for tea.

4. Nodding to her husband, she went over to her father.

5. They saw a young man, hurrying away from the place of the accident.

6. Their room had two curtained windows looking over the street, a couch with cushions, an almost empty book-case and some photographs of the family standing on it.

7. Having opened the French window, he went out to the terrace.

8. Having been away from it for two days, I'd forgotten how depressing the house could be.

9. I do love horses moving slowly against a skyline of trees.

10. Going up to the dressing-table, he passed his hand over the lilac-coloured pin-cushion.

11. I came here this afternoon thinking I might find Bella in the house.

12. A subdued light radiated from a single green-paper-shaded bulb hanging in the centre.

13. David Rubin did not usually say a word unless spoken to.

14. Douglas, still smiling sweetly, as though determined to prove that he was right, reminded me of his presence by coughing slightly.

15. Unless urged, the Colonel never mentioned his wounds or decorations.

16. The two boys exchanged quick embarrassed glances.

17. Found in the garden after the rain, the letter was impossible to read.

18. The doctor had never been known to refuse to see a patient at any hour, or to fail to make a house call when sent for.

19. Though bored with a book, I find it difficult to leave it unfinished.

20. We were told that the dog was quite peaceful if left undisturbed.

TASK 23. Replace the subordinate clauses in the sentences below by the appropriate form of participle I or II where possible.

1. I got my lunch which was waiting for me in the kitchen.

2. He pointed to the ship which was standing in the harbour

3. The man who bent over the patient is the chief surgeon of the hospital.

4. Philip, who was smoking a cheap cigar, observed the boy closely.

5. Jack almost dropped the leather bag on which he had been writing.

6. Peter seated himself in a leather chair which faced the desk.

7. Stephen, who had been listening to the unspoken speech behind the words, said nothing.

8. When the general said so, he grasped the map firmly with both hands.

9. When Henry hailed a taxi, he got in and told the driver to drive to Oxford Street.

10. Mr. Howden nodded when he took another chocolate cookie.

11. When he bowed to the Chairman and pushed back his chair, Mr. Trevor walked doggedly to the door, opened it and passed through.

12. Trish stared back, as she did not know what to do.

13. Brenda moved away, as she felt slightly embarrassed.

14. Todd got a seat rather far back in the upper boxes, but as his sight was very good, he saw quite well.

15. As Laura did not know whether Tim had noticed his brother or not, she did not know how to react.

16. Then I walked slowly down the drive away from the house as I intended to wait by the gate.

TASK 24. Translate into English using participle I and II in different functions.

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