Participle I as parenthesis

As a rule, participles in this function are used as participial phrases and comment on the content of the whole sentence or part of it. This commenting may take the form of a logical restriction or personal attitude, e.g.

· Generally speaking, men can run faster than women.

· Broadly speaking, dogs are more faithful to man than cats.

· Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.

· Considering everything, it wasn’t a bad holiday.

· I’ll lend you the money providing you pay it back before Easter.

· Supposing there was a war, what would you do?

· Taking everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance.

Participial constructions that are used as parentheses are usually separated with commas.

TASK 17. Match the participial phrases used as parentheses given below with their Russian / Ukrainian translation.

№	Parentheses	№	Translation
	generally speaking / broadly speaking, …	a	лично я; что касается меня…/ особисто я; що стосується мене…
	properly speaking, …	b	принимая во внимание; делая поправку на... / беручи до уваги; роблячи виправлення на...
	roughly speaking, …	с	в общем, при сложившихся обстоятельствах / загалом, при сформованих обставинах
	legally speaking, …	d	принимая все во внимание / приймаючи все до уваги
	strictly speaking, …	e	принимая во внимание / беручи до уваги
	personally speaking, …	f	вообще говоря; в общих чертах; в более широком контексте/ загалом кажучи; загалом; у більш широкому контексті
	relatively speaking, …	g	в общем, собственно говоря… /?
	putting it mildly, …	h	если (бы); предположим (что …), допустим (что …) / якщо (би); припустимо (що …),
	judging by (from), …	i	собственно /строго/ говоря… / властиво кажучи
	allowing for, …	j	судя по... / судячи з...
	considering everything, …	k	примерно (говоря) …/ приблизно кажучи
	taking everything into consideration, …	l	вообще говоря; в общих чертах; в широком смысле / загалом кажучи; загалом; у широкому змісті
	taking into account	m	строго говоря /?
	supposing, …	n	мягко говоря.../ м'яко кажучи
	broadly speaking, …	o	на основании закона …/ на підставі закону

TASK 18. Fill in the gaps with one of the parentheses given in TASK 17.

1. I’ve just found out that we also need to get the roof repaired, so, _________________, I think we paid too much for the house.

2. _________________, spiders are not insects; they are predatory silk-producing arachnid, which have four pairs of legs, two poison fangs and two feelers.

3. Philip can’t tell Tchaikovsky from Beethoven. _________________, he is not very musical.

4. _________________, grammar does not appear to be a very popular subject at school.

5. _________________ the amount of food eaten, everyone must have been very hungry.

6. _________________ Mr. Waine’s long years of service, I think we’ll make our final decision into his favour.

7. _________________ inflation, the cost of the project will be $2 million.

8. _________________, I have long considered the Universe to be one of the most amazing things in existence.

9. _________________, is killing in war a murder?

10. _________________ I do agree with you, where shall we go?

TASK 19. Translate into English using participial phrases as parentheses.

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