Варіант 9. 1. Although there are many small and medium-sized com­panies, big business units play а dominant role in the world economy

CORPORATIONS

1. Although there are many small and medium-sized com­panies, big business units play а dominant role in the world economy. There are several reasons for this. Large companies саn supply goods and services to а greater number of people, and they frequently operate more efficiently than small ones, in addi­tion, they often саn sell their products at lower prices because of the large volume and small costs per unit sold. They have an advantage in the marketplace because many consumers are attracted to well-known brand names, which they believe guar­antee а certain level of quality.

2. Large businesses are important to the overall economy because they tend to have more financial resources than small firms to conduct research and develop new goods. And they gen­erally offer more varied job opportunities and greater job stabil­ity, higher wages, and better health and retirement benefits. Nevertheless, many have viewed large companies with some ambivalence, recognizing their important contribution to economic well-being but worrying that they could become so powerful as to stifle new enterprises and deprive consumers of choice. Large corporations could not have grown to their present size without being able tо find innovative ways to raise capital to finance expansion.

3. Corporations base five primary methods for obtaining money: issuing bonds, issuing stock, selling stock, borrowing, using profits. Corporations benefit by issuing bonds because the inter­est rates they must pay investors are generally lower than rates for most other types of borrowing. A company may choose to issue new "preferred' stock to raise capital. Companies can also raise short-term capital by getting loans from banks or other lenders or finance their operations by retaining their earnings. Modern corporation, often employing hundreds or even thousands of workers, assumed increased importance.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

постачати товари та послуги, об’ем, витрати, ціна, перевага, гарантувати якість,

проводити дослідження, заробляти капітал, облігація, акція, прибуток

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

поставлять товары и услуги, объем, расходы, цена, преимущество, гарантировать

качество, проводить исследования, зарабатывать капитал, облигация, акция, прибыль

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 2.

Переведите письменно абзац 2.

III. Випишіть з тексту неособові форми дієслова – Infinitive, Gerund, Participle (Present

and Past) та перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста неличные формы глагола – Infinitive, Gerund, Participle (Present

and Past) и переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 3 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 3 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. Why do big business units play а dominant role in the world economy today?

2. What is their advantage in the market place?

Дата добавления: 2015-07-14