Варіант 8. The multinational corporate phenomenon (2)

THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATE PHENOMENON (2)

1. There is an abundance of definitions. The United Nations defines multinational corporations as “enterprises that own or control production or service facilities outside the country in which they are based.” Certain minimal criteria have been proposed for firms to satisfy to be regarded as multinational. Both quantitative and qualitative criteria are important in the defining task. The key criteria are that the firm controls its production facilities abroad and manages them (and its domestic operations) in a reintegrated fashion in pursuit of global opportunities.

2. Many of the world’s largest corporate entities are larger economically than most of their host nations. Some operate in over 100 countries; for example, IBM has operations in 132 nations. The economic power of MNCs is enormous; according to one estimate, 500 largest industrial corporations account for 80 percent of the world’s direct investment and ownership of foreign affiliates. The impact of multinationals varies by industry sector and by country. In oil, multinational corporations still command 30 percent of production. Their share in refining and marketing is still 45 percent. In several agribusiness sectors such as pineapples, multinationals account for approximately 60 percent of the world output.

3. The importance of the world marketplace to multinational corporations also varies. The foreign sales share of total sales for the world’s largest industrial corporations has increased steadily. The percentage will naturally vary by industry (for example, oil company ratios are well over half) and by the country of origin. For many European-based companies, domestic sales may be less than 10 percent of overall sales. In 1997, for example, as a percentage of total worldwide sales, Philips’s sales in Holland were 4 percent. Comparable figures for U.S.–based companies, such as Johnson & Johnson are about 50 percent. However, production abroad does not necessarily indicate a multinational corporation.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

володіти, задовільняти критеріям, оцінка, прямі капіталовкладення, вплив, всесвітне

виробництво, продаж, відрізнятися, частка/доля, порівняльни показники

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

владеть, удовлетворять критериям, оценка, прямые капиталовложения, влияние,

мировое производство, продажи, отличаться, часть/доля, сравниваемые показатели

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 1.

Переведите письменно абзац 1.

III. Випишіть з тексту неособові форми дієслова – Infinitive, Gerund, Participle (Present

and Past) та перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста неличные формы глагола – Infinitive, Gerund, Participle (Present

and Past) и переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 2 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 2 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the key criteria in defining a multinational firm?

2. What does the foreign sales share of the world’s largest industrial corporations show?

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