Варіант 4. Managers and the external environment

MANAGERS AND THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

1. Many different forces outside and inside an organization influence manager’s performance. The managerial functions of planning, organizing, and controlling must be accomplished under constantly changing conditions. Managers must deal with both the external and the internal environment. The external environment includes all the forces acting on the organization from the outside. Customers, competitors, suppliers, and human resources are some of the obvious forces in an organization’s external environment. Other not so obvious forces include technological, economic, political, legal, regulatory, cultural, social, and international forces.

2. The internal environment includes the day-to-day forces within the organization in which managers perform their functions. For example, the level in the organization where management is performed has implications for managerial performance: top-level managers do different things than middle-level managers, who, in turn, do different things than first-level managers. Coping with managerial demands in the internal environment requires managers to have different skills and to perform different roles. Skill requirements and role performance are important forces in the internal environment.

3. Individuals often limit their perspective of an organization to the elements and activities that exist within the organization: the employees, managers, equipment, tools, procedures, and other elements that combine to create the organization’s product or service. However, this perspective is sorely limited. A complete picture of any organization must include its external environment, the large arena that exists outside the organization and comprises many varied forces that impact the organization’s structure, processes, and performance. These forces may be direct, exerting an immediate and direct influence on the organization, or they may be indirect, influencing the climate in which the organization operates (and becoming direct forces under some conditions).

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

впливати на роботу менеджера, мати справу, зовнішнє та внутрішнє середовище, конкуренти, постачальники, виконувати функції, справлятися, вимагати, обмежувати, створювати продукт

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

влиять на работу менеджера, иметь дело, внешняя и внутренняя среда, конкуренты,

поставщики, выполнять функции, справляться, требовать, ограничивать, создавать

продукт.

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 1.

Переведите письменно абзац.

III. Випишіть з тексту дієслівні форми, що закінчуються на -ing. Визначте,чі це Gerund

або Present Participle та перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста формы глагола, заканчивающиеся на-ing. Определите, что это -

Gerund или Present Participle и переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 2 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 2 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What environment must managers deal with?
2. What forces does the internal environment include?

Дата добавления: 2015-07-14