Варіант 5. Trade blocs and free trade

TRADE BLOCS AND FREE TRADE

1. Regional groupings based on economics became increasingly important in the 1990s. Thirty-two such groupings are found to exist: three in Europe, four in the Middle East, five in Asia, and ten each in Africa and the Americas. Trade within the three major blocs, American, Euro­pean, and Asian, has grown rapidly, while trading among these blocs or with outsiders is either declining or growing far more moderately.

2. Some of these groupings around the world have the superstructure of nation-states (such as the European Union), some (such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area) are multinational agreements that may be more political arrangements than cohesive trading blocs at present. Regional economic integration in Asia has been driven more by market forces than by treaties and by a need to maintain balance in negotiations with Europe and North America. Companies are facing ever-intensifying competition and trading difficulties for sales inside a bloc. In the long term, firms encounter pressure to globalize and source locally. Actions of these global companies may also cause fears that regional blocs are nothing but protectionism.

3. The benefits of free trade and stable exchange rates are available only if nation-states are willing to give up some measure of independence and autonomy. This has resulted in increased economic integration around the world with agreements among countries to establish links through movement of goods, services, capital, and labour across borders. Economic integration is something between a truly global economy, in which all countries share a common currency and agreed to a free flow of goods, services, and factors of production, and at the same time there may be a number of closed economies, each independent and self-sufficient. The level of integration defines the nature and degree of economic links among countries.

I. Знайдіть у тексті та випишіть еквіваленти таких слів та словосполучень:

існувати, основні блоки, швидко зростати, міжнаціональна угода, політичний устрій,

рінкові сили, угода, перемовини, стабільний курс обміну валют, відмовлятися

Найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

существовать, основные блоки, быстро расти, межнациональное соглашение,

политические договоренности, рыночные силы, договор, переговоры, стабильный курс

обмена валют, отказаться

II. Перекладіть письмово абзац 3.

Переведите письменно абзац 3.

III. Випишіть з тексту форми Present Participle і Past Participle у дві колонки.

Перекладіть їх.

Выпишите из текста формы Present Participle и Past Participle в две колонки.

Переведите их.

IV. Поставте 5 запитань до абзацу 1 та запишіть їх.

Поставьте 5 вопросов к абзацу 1 и запишите их.

V. Дайте письмові відповіді на запитання.

Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. How many regional groupings can you name? What are they?

2. What are companies facing today?

Дата добавления: 2015-07-14