VI. Complete the sentences

1. The travel agency business offers…

2. Retail travel services are…

3. …involves establishing a steady clientele.

4. For customers who come in off the streets…

5. …who can be considered the manufacturer or wholesaler …

6. A typical travel agency has…

7. … tour packagers or transportation compa­nies.

8. The traveller can make all…

Tour Operators

I. Words and word combinations:

gain acceptance	отримати визнання
gain	заробляти
ownership	власність
own	володіти
emergence	вихід, поява
emerge	виходити, з’ясовувати
to encourage	заохочувати
discourage	відбивати охоту
sound	здоровий, міцний
strand	сісти на мілину
stranded	у скрутному становищі
sufficient	достатній
spouse	чоловік, дружина
principal	головний, основний
principal staff	основний штат
variety	різноманітність, численність
а variety off reasons	цілий ряд обставин
fatigue	втома, стомленість
to be available	доступний, досяжний
secure	гарантувати безпеку
access	доступ, підхід
accessible	доступний, досяжний
countless	незліченний

II. Read the text and be ready to do the tasks:

Tour operators are the people who package or put together tours. They can be large travel companies like Thomas Cook or American Express, the airline and shipping companies or independent opera­tors. They are in effect the wholesalers of the tourist industry who sell to the general public through retail travel agents. Transfer is transpor­tation to and from airports, including luggage. Chartering means renting an aircraft, usually from nonscheduled airline. Guided tour is a tour for sightseeing purposes, that is accompanied by a guide.

Independent traveller is a traveller or tourist who is travelling on his own rather than as a member of a group. Most businessmen, for ex­ample, are independent travellers.

Both Cook and American Express operate as tour packagers as well as re­tail travel agents, that is, they sell the tours which they package directly to the public through their own travel offices and through other agents. American Express is involved in many other kinds of business. It was the first company to issue traveller's checks: it owns one of the major credit card services, and it also engages in international bank­ing and insurance.

Tour operators can be considered the wholesalers of the industry. Their product, which is a service, is the packaged tour. Packaged tours offer transportation, hotel accommodations and transfer to and from the airport. The tourist pays a lower price for this package than if he were trying to make all the arrangements on his own.

In addition to the basic features, the tour package may also offer meals, entertainment, sightseeing, a rental car and many other extras. The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in 1841. Cook was soon offering tours all over the world, and the idea gained acceptance very quickly not only in England but also in other European countries and in the United States.

The firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained a major force in the travel industry, despite the number of changes in ownership. The great increase in tourism that took place in the 1960s, especially in Europe, was in part the result of the emergence of a number of firms whose chief business was packaging and operating tours. Both tourism in general and the tour operating companies themselves expanded very quickly.

It is possible to distinguish between two general types of tours. One is the holiday package that has a resort hotel as its destination. While local sightseeing or entertainment may be included in the pack­age, the tours are generally of the "no frills" variety — in other words, without expensive extras.

III. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F):

1) Packaged tours offer transportation, hotel accommodations and transfer to and from the airport.

2) The tourist pays a higher price for this package than if he were trying to make all the arrangements on his own.

3) The first tour in the modern sense was put together by Thomas Cook in 1840.

4) The firm of Thomas Cook and Sons has remained a major force in the travel industry, despite the number of changes in ownership

5) The great increase in tourism that took place in the 1960s, especially in England, was in part the result of the emergence of a number of firms whose chief business was packaging and operating tours.

6) It was primarily intended for northern Europeans who wanted a Atlantic vacation.

7) Both tourism in general and the tour operating companies themselves expanded very slowly.

8) The corporations typically offer these vacation trips as a reward for superior sales effort or as an incentive to improve performance.

9) This type of tour is not open to the general public, but it is welcomed by the airlines and by hotel operators in the established resorts that frequently attract business of this kind.

10) One is the holiday package that has a resort hotel as its destination.

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