VI. Choose the right word from the list below.

Grand Tour

In the 18^lh century, the Grand Tour was a kind of………………………for wealthy British noblemen. It was a period of European…………………………which could last from a few months to 8 years. During the tour, young men learned about

the politics,……………………., art and antiquities of neighboring countries. They spent their time sightseeing, studying, and………………….

Italy with its heritage of……………….Roman monuments became one of the most popular places to visit. At the same time, art students from all parts of Europe also came to Italy to……………………from ancient models. Sometimes, the trip south

was as liberating sexually as it was aesthetically, as several erotic drawings show.

France was the height of style and……………………., so young men went there

to throw off their coarse behavior and put on the……………that set them apart as

the aristocracy of Britain. Under the……………….eye of his tutor and cared for by his valet, the young man set off. The first……………in the tour was to cross the English Channel to Calais, France. For many young men, this was a test in itself since seasickness was often the………………of turbulent crossing. In Paris, all outward………………of the backward Briton were erased as he was fitted for a

totally French wardrobe. Dressed like a Frenchman, he was now ready to……………to French society. After his introduction in Paris, the tourist went on to Dijon, Lyon, and finally Marseille. During the 19 century, most educated young men took the………………….. Later, it became also fashionable for young women. A trip to Italy with a……………………………….aunt as chaperon was

part of the upper-class lady's education.

Education, sophistication, spinster, watchful, ancient, polish, shopping, travel, result, culture, grand tour, trace, to learn, to introduce, step.

II. Read the text and be ready to do the tasks:

History

Wealthy people have always travelled to distant parts of the world to see great buildings or other works of art; to learn new languages; or to taste new cuisine. As long ago as the time of the Roman Republic places such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich.

The terms "tourist" and "tourism" were first used as official terms in 1937 by the League of Nations. Tourism was defined as people travelling abroad for periods of over 24 hours.

The Grand Tour

The word "tour" gained acceptance in the 18^lh century, when the Grand Tour of Europe became part of the upbringing of the educated and wealthy British nobleman or cultured gentleman. Grand tours were taken in particular by young people to "complete" their education. They travelled all over Europe, but notably to places of cultural and aesthetic interest, such as Rome, Tuscany, Ustka and the Alps.

The British aristocracy were particularly keen on the Grand Tour, using the occasion to gather art treasures from Europe to add to their collections. The volume of art treasures being moved to Britain in this way was unequalled anywhere else in Europe, and explains the richness of many private and public collections in Britain today. Yet tourism in those days, aimed essentially at the very top of the social ladder and at the well educated, was fundamentally a cultural activity. These first tourists, though undertaking their Grand Tour, were more travellers than tourists.

Most major British artists of the eighteenth century did the "Grand Tour", as did their great European contemporaries such as Claude Lor-rain. Classical architecture, literature and art have always drawn visitors to Rome, Naples, Florence.

The Romantic Movement (inspired throughout Europe by the English poets William Blake and Lord Byron, among others), extended this to Gothic countryside, the Alps, fast flowing rivers, mountain gorges, etc.

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