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Text test questions 5 страница

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C. picornaviruses

D. *herpesviruses

E. paramyxoviruses

  1. All of the following viruses are replicated in the nucleus EXCEPT:

A. *poxviruses

B. papovaviruses

C. adenoviruses

D. herpesviruses

E. parvoviruses

  1. All of the following viruses contain lipid EXCEPT:

A. herpesviruses

B. *picornaviruses

C. poxviruses

D. togaviruses

E. paramyxoviruses

  1. All of the listed microorganisms are facultative anaerobes, EXCEPT:

A. *Clostridium botulinum

B. Escherichia spp.

C. Salmonella spp.

D. Shigella spp.

E. Staphylococci spp.

  1. All viruses may do any of the following but not

A. Inhibit host cell DNA synthesis

B. Inhibit host cell RNA synthesis

C. Inhibit host cell protein synthesis

D. *Stimulate host cell macromolecule synthesis

E. Degrade host cell DNA

  1. An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?

A. penetration

B. lysis

C. synthesis

D. *release

E. assembly

  1. Anaerobic microorganisms may be isolated according such technique:

A. Fortner’s

B. *Veynberg’s

C. Shukevitch’s

D. Pasteur’s

E. Leffler’s

  1. Anaerobic microorganisms may be selected by:

A. Fortner’s method

B. *Veynberg’s method

C. Shukevich’s method

D. Pasteur’s method

E. Leffler’s method

  1. Areas of dead host cells evident on an agar plate are:

A. pocks

B. cytopathic effects

C. cell lines

D. *plaques

E. primary cell cultures

  1. At what temperature agar-agar melts and becomes thick?

A. *100 °С and 40 °С

B. °С and 70 °С

C. °С and 60 °С

D. °С and 30 °С

E. °С and 20 °С

  1. Choose among these media differential diagnostic ones:

A. MPA

B. Kitt-Tarozz's medium

C. MPB

D. Sugar meat peptone broth

E. *Giss’ media

  1. Choose faithful composition of yolk salt agar

A. *MPA, yolk, 9 % of sodium chloride

B. MPA, ram’s, 9 % of sodium chloride

C. MPA, rabbit’s red cells, 9 % of sodium chloride

D. MPA, horse’s red cells, 9 % of sodium chloride

E. MPA, glucose, 9 % chloride of sodium

  1. Choose microaerophils:

A. Clostridium tetani

B. Escherichia coli

C. *Lactobacillus acidophilus

D. Salmonella typhi

E. Salmonella paratyphi A

  1. Choose obligate aerobes among these microorganisms:

A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae

B. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini

C. Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi

D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis

E. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcus spp.

  1. Choose obligate anaerobes among these microbes:

A. Bacillus anthracis

B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. *Bacteroides spp.

D. Rickettsia spp.

E. Corynebacterium spp.

  1. Choose obligate anaerobes:

A. *Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum

B. Escherichia coli

C. Salmonella typhi

D. Proteus vulgaris

E. Brucella melitensis

  1. Choose the best destroying exhaust cultures of bacteria:

A. sterilization by boiling

B. sterilizations heat oven

C. *sterilizations in an autoclave

D. sterilization by ethylene oxide

E. sterilization by ultraviolet light

  1. Choose the components of Ressel’s medium:

A. *semi-solid agar, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator of WR (water blue and rosolic acid)

B. MPB, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)

C. MPB, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator fuchsine

D. semi-solid agar, lactose (1 %), maltose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)

E. semi-solid agar, mannitol (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)

  1. Differential diagnostic media are used for:

A. Examination of antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria

B. Accumulations of microbial biomass

C. Examination of microorganisms pathogenicity

D. Studies of antigen structure of microorganisms

E. *Examination of bacteria enzyme activity

  1. During a Log-phase the division of bacteria takes place:

A. delay of division

B. *at constant rate

C. more bacteria die, then appears

D. division does not take place

E. all answers are incorrect

  1. During the stationary phase of population growth the reason of bacterial death is:

A. diminishing amount of nutrients

B. changes of medium рН

C. toxic action of appearing substances

D. *all answers are correct

E. all answers are wrong

  1. Edward Jenner began inoculating humans with material from _______ lesions.

A. Smallpox

B. Avianpox

C. *Cowpox

D. Chickenpox

E. Dogpox

  1. Endo’s medium consist of:

A. *MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsin

B. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsin

C. MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin

D. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin

E. MPA, 5 % lactose, indicator bromthymol blue

  1. Enveloped viruses have a ______ shape

A. Icosahedral

B. Helical

C. Hexagonal

D. *Roughly spherical

E. Complex

  1. Family Picornaviridae includes viruses with following morphology:

A. *naked viruses;

B. enveloped viruses;

C. genome is positive double -stranded RNA;

D. genome is negative single -stranded RNA;

E. virus containing double-stranded DNA.

  1. Final products of carbonhydrates utilization:

A. sediment in test tube

B. *acid, or acid + gas

C. pellicle on the surface of nutrient medium

D. all answer are correct

E. absence of changes

  1. For abolition of bacteria in the air of operating room such methods may be used:

A. gamma-rays

B. X-ray

C. *ultraviolet Light

D. gamma-rays

E. gas method

  1. Free oxygen is toxic for bacteria, because it:

A. kills a bacterium

B. *detains their growth

C. halts spore formation

D. inhibit toxins production

E. inhibit enzymes production

  1. Growth of what microorganisms does not inhibit furasolidon, added into nutrient medium in certain concentrations?

A. *Micrococci and Corynebacteria

B. E. coli and Bacillus spp.

C. Clostridium spp. and Branhamella spp.

D. Streptococci and Gemella spp.

E. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.

  1. Holes produced in bacterial “lawns” by viruses are called

A. Colonies

B. *Plaques

C. Patches

D. Lysis

E. Clearance

  1. How is it possible to increase the phase of exponential growth and M-concentration artificially?

A. by the renewing of nutrient medium

B. additional aeration (for aerobes)

C. it is impossible to do it

D. a right answer is not present

E. *right answers A and B

  1. In depending on substrate that is donor of electrons there are such bacteria:

A. lithotrophs and chemotrophs

B. chemotrophs and heterotrophs

C. autotrophs and chemotrophs

D. chemotrophs and phototrophs

E. *lithotrophs and organotrophs

  1. In Olkenitsky’s medium Salmonella typhi, which forms the hydrogen supplied was inoculated. What changes will be in a medium in this case?

A. To fix the hydrogen sulphide production in this medium is impossible

B. *appearance of black precipitate in the column of agar

C. appearance of greenish precipitate in the column of agar

D. appearance of bright red precipitate in the column of agar

E. all medium will be black

  1. In what phases of growth are microorganisms most physiologically and functionally active?

A. initial and exponential

B. *exponential and stationary

C. stationary and death

D. initial and stationary

E. exponential and death

  1. Indicate among these microbes obligate anaerobic bacteria:

A. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.

B. *Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides spp.

C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi

D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus

E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

  1. Indicate composition of semi-solid Giss’s media

A. *MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicators water blue with rosolic acid)

B. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicator Andrede

C. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), an indicator diamond green

D. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicator – complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate

E. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), an indicator phenol red

  1. Indicate halophilic bacterium:

A. Streptococcus pyogenes

B. Staphylococcus aureus

C. *Vibrio parahaemolyticus

D. Treponema pallidum

E. Shigella flexneri

  1. Indicate obligate anaerobic microorganisms:

A. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.

B. *Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides spp.

C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi

D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus

E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae

  1. Indicate the basic components of Ploskirev’s medium.

A. MPB, saccharose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.

B. MPA, saccharose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.

C. MPB, lactose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.

D. *MPA, lactose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.

E. MPA, glucose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.

  1. Indicate the composition of blood agar.

A. *MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals

B. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator bromthymol blue

C. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator fuchsin

D. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator neutral red

E. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator eosin

  1. Indicate the composition of Kitt-Tarozzi’s medium for cultivation of anaerobes:

A. MPA, pieces of liver or meat

B. MPB, yolk, medium is covered with vaseline oil

C. *Hottinger’s broth, pieces of liver or meat, glucose, medium is covered with vaseline oil

D. Hottinger’s broth, pieces of brain tissues

E. Serum broth, pieces of liver or meat,, medium is covered with vaseline oil

  1. Indicate the composition of liquid Giss’s media

A. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator bromthymol dark blue

B. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator eosin

C. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator is methylene blue

D. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator neutral red

E. *1 % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), indicator of Andrede

  1. Indicate the composition of Olkenitsky’s medium?

A. MPA, lactose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red

B. MPA, saccharose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red

C. MPA, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red

D. MPA, lactose, saccharose, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, an indicator is phenol red

E. *MPA, lactose, saccharose, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red.

  1. Indicate the correct sequence of the stages of isolation of pure culture of aerobes.

A. *Microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for obtaining the isolated colonies > inoculation on the slant agar for obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion

B. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on the slant agar for the obtaining the isolated colonies > obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion

C. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation in MPB for the obtaining the isolated colonies > inoculation on the slant agar for obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion

D. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for the obtaining the isolated colonies > identification > conclusion

E. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for obtaining the isolated colonies > identification

  1. Indicate the growth signs of bacteria in a liquid nutrient medium:

A. formation of diffuse turbidity

B. formation of pellicle

C. formation of sediment

D. *all answers are correct

E. all answers are wrong

  1. Indicate the necessary components of Levin’s medium:

A. MPB, lactose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.

B. MPA, saccharose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.

C. MPB, saccharose, indicators methylene dark, eosin.

D. *MPA, lactose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.

E. MPA, lactose, indicators methylene blue, fuchsin.

  1. Indicate the type of bacterial cell division:

A. And. passing ahead

B. In. synchronous

C. P. with the passing ahead division of nucleoid

D. **all of answers are correct

E. all of answers are wrong

  1. Indicate vitamins necessary for bacterial growth:

A. Biotin

B. Thiamine

C. Riboflavin

D. *all answers are correct

E. all answers are wrong

  1. Intracellular structures formed during many viral infections, called __________, which can directly disrupt cell structure.

A. Procaryotes

B. Chromosomal disruptions

C. *Inclusion bodies

D. Cytocidal bodies

E. All of the above

  1. It is necessary to choose the medium for cultivation of anaerobic bacteria:

A. Endo’s and Levin’s media

B. Meat-peptone agar, meat-peptone broth

C. *Zeissler’s blood-sugar agar, Kitt-Tarozzi’s medium

D. Coagulated serum, мeat-peptone gelatin

E. Ascitic agar, serum agar

  1. Mechanism of high temperatures antibacterial action:

A. damage of ribosomes

B. destruction of tertiary structure of albumens

C. destruction of cytoplasm membranes

D. *all answers are correct

E. all answers are wrong

  1. Morphological identification is examination of bacterial species according to:

A. character of colonies

B. *morphological signs

C. character of staining

D. character of motility

E. biochemical properties

  1. Most of non-spore-forming perish at a temperature:

A. *58-60 °С 30-60 minutes

B. -30 °С in 2-4 ч

C. -50 °С in 1 ч

D. -20 °С in 5-8 ч

E. -30 °С in 30-60 minutes

  1. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria belong to what group according to their type of respiration?

A. Obligate aerobes

B. Obligate anaerobes

C. Facultative anaerobes

D. *Microaerophils

E. Capneic

  1. Non-inoculated Endo’s medium has color:

A. bright red

B. *poorly-rose

C. yellow

D. greenish

E. colorless

  1. Respiration of bacteria is a process:

A. biosynthesis of protein molecules

B. *biooxidation with formation of ATP

C. biosynthesis of carbohydrates

D. biosynthesis of lipids

E. biosynthesis of microelements

  1. Respiration of bacteria is accompanied:

A. *by formation of energy

B. by the loss of energy

C. by accumulation of CO2

D. all answers are correct

E. all answers are wrong

  1. Salts of heavy metals will cause in a bacterial cell:

A. destruction of lipids

B. destroying the polysaccharides

C. DNA destroying

D. Protein synthesis disturbances

E. *coagulation of protein

  1. Special nutrient medium is:

A. Blood agar

B. Serum agar

C. Ascitic agar

D. *All answers are correct

E. All answers are wrong

  1. Such enzymes prevail in a bacterial cell:

A. oxydoreductases

B. constitutive

C. hydrolases

D. *adaptive

E. ligases

  1. Such groups of bacteria are existed according to their respiration:

A. capneic

B. microaerophils

C. anaerobes

D. aerobes

E. *all of them

  1. Such nutrient media belong to universal ones:

A. *MPB and MPA

B. Mannitol salt agar Levin’s medium

C. Serum MPA and 1% alkaline peptone water

D. Endo’ medium and blood agar

E. Ploskirev’s medium and serum broth

  1. Surface-tension-reducing agents (detergents) can cause:

A. violation of spores’ formation.

B. violation of flagella structure

C. violation of capsule formation.

D. Violation of nucleoid function

E. *violation of CPM structure and cell wall structure

  1. Taking into consideration the features of fermenting type of anaerobe bacteria metabolism they require:

A. More rich for nutrients medium

B. More rich for vitamins nutrient medium

C. Obligatory addition of bacterial growth factors in nutrient medium

D. *All answers are correct

E. All answers are wrong

  1. Temperature optimum for mesophilic bacteria:

A. -15 1C

B. -30 2C

C. *30-37 3С

D. -50 4C

E. -60 5C

  1. Temperature optimum for psychrophilic bacteria:

A. *10-25 1C

B. -30 2C

C. -37 С3

D. -50 4C

E. -60 5C

  1. Temperature optimum for thermophilic bacteria:

A. -20 1C

B. -30 0C

C. -37 С3

D. -50 4C

E. *50-60 5C

  1. The appearance of a group of viruses under the light micoscope within cells is termed the:

A. *inclusion

B. viroid

C. colony

D. cytopathic effect

E. plaque

  1. The characteristic cytophatologic effect (CPE) that viruses cause in cells include:

A. vacuolation

B. necrosis

C. cell lysis

D. syncytia formation

E. *all of the above

  1. The enzyme that enhances the respiratory penetration on the orthomyxovirus is:

A. *hemagglutinin

B. hemolysin

C. lipoprotein

D. neuraminidase

E. hyaluronidase

  1. The following test determines the presence of infectious virus in a sample:

A. Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI)

B. Immunofluoresence or Fluorescence assays (IF or FA)

C. Neutralization Tests (NT)

D. Complement Fixation Test (CF)

E. *all of the above.

  1. The following test reveals the intracellular location of viral antigens:

A. Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI)

B. *Immunofluoresence or Fluorescence assays (IF or FA)

C. Neutralization Tests (NT)

D. Complement Fixation Test (CF)

E. ELISA

  1. The function/s of a viral capsid is/are:

A. it protects the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction.

B. it provides binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host cell.

C. it serves as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another.

D. It consists of proteins

E. *all of the above.

  1. The main use of embryonated eggs in virology is the:

A. detection of cytopathic effect

B. production of interferon

C. production of vaccines

D. *observation of viral growth

E. production of lysozym

  1. The mechanism of action of iodine consists of:

A. destruction of lipids

B. destroying the polysaccharides

C. DNA depolarization

D. *oxidization of protein active groups and their denaturizing

E. violation of proteins synthesis

  1. The most popular indirect method of counting virus particles is

A. Microscopically

B. By hemagglutination assay

C. By plaque-assay

D. *By counting plaque-forming units

E. By colony counting

  1. The nucleocapsid refers to:

A. *the complete viral particle

B. the viral genetic material

C. the viral proteins only

D. the viral genetic material and associated lipids

E. the viral genetic material and associated proteins

  1. The process by which phage reproduction is initiatied in lysogenized culture is called

A. Infection

B. Integration

C. Repression

D. *Induction

E. Enhancement

  1. The protein coat that envelopes the viral genetic material is known as a:

A. Virion

B. Case

C. Viroid

D. *Capsid

E. Spikes

  1. The release of animal viruses from their host occur in:

A. assembly

B. endocytosis

C. maturation

D. *exocytosis

E. eclipse

  1. The role of the 'early genes' of a mammalian virus?

A. *initiation and regulation of virus replication

B. maintenance of the virus outside the cell

C. coding for the structural proteins of the virus

D. determining the group specific antigens of the virus

E. coding for the lipid components of the viral envelope

  1. The smallest known viruses are the:

A. *Picornavirus

B. Adenovirus

C. Enterovirus

D. Orthomyxovirus

E. Paramyxovirus

  1. There are such components of Endo’s medium:

A. *MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsine

B. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsine

C. MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin

D. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin

E. MPA, 5 % lactose, indicator bromthymol blue

  1. There are such demands to the nutrient media, EXCEPT:

A. presence of nutrients

B. sterility

C. *certain color

D. certain viscidity

E. transparency

  1. There are such mechanisms of penetration different substances into the cell, EXCEPT:

A. facilitated diffusion

B. *transformations of chemical groups

C. passive diffusion

D. active transport

E. ionic transport

  1. To Chlorine which are used for disinfection, belong all preparation, EXCEPT:

A.,2-1,0 % solutions of Chloramin B.

B. % water solutions of calcium hypochloride.

C.,05-0,1 % solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid.

D.,1-0,2 % sulfochlorantine solution

E. *3-5 % solution of carbolic acid.

  1. To dyes, which can inhibit bacterial growth, belong:

A. diamond green.

B. rivanol.

C. acriflavin.

D. none of them.

E. *all of them.

  1. To the universal nutrient media belong:

A. serum MPA and serum MPB.

B. Endo’s medium and Ploskirev’s medium

C. *MPA and MPB

D. Blood MPA and TCBS medium

E. Yolk salt agar and ascitic agar

  1. Viral DNA is replicated in the host cell

A. Cytoplasmic matrix

B. *Nucleus

C. Wall

D. Mitochondria

E. Lysozomes

  1. Viral RNA is replicated in the host cell

A. *Cytoplasmic matrix

B. Nucleus

C. Wall

D. Mitochondria

E. Lysozomes

  1. Virulent and nonvirulent viruses may do any of the following but not

A. Inhibit host cell DNA synthesis

B. Inhibit host cell RNA synthesis

C. Inhibit host cell protein synthesis

D. *Stimulate host cell macromolecule synthesis

E. Degrade host cell DNA

  1. Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites, which means that they cannot reproduce or express their genes without

A. enzymes

B. *a host cell

C. another virus

D. a cell wall

E. nutrience media

  1. Viruses require ______ for growth.

A. Plants

B. Animals

C. Bacteria

D. *Living cells

E. Fungi

  1. What actions are necessary to do during І stage of isolation of pure cultures of aerobes?

A. To study the features of the tested material

B. To study the morphological features of possible causative agent

C. To choose necessary nutrient medium for inoculation

D. To inoculate tested material for obtaining the isolated colonies

E. *All answers are correct

  1. What antibiotic is it necessary to add into nutrient medium for inhibition of fungi growth?

A. Penicillin

B. Streptomycin

C. Ciprofloxacin

D. *Nistatin

E. Mitomicin C

  1. What bacteria are very susceptible to drying?

A. Staphylococci

B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C. *Meningococci

D. Shigella

E. Salmonella

  1. What bacteria do belong to obligate anaerobes?

A. *Clostridium septicum, Bacteroides fragilis

B. Salmonella schottmuelleri

C. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Proteus rettgeri

E. Francisella tularensis

  1. What changes do appear in Ressel’s medium when microbes produce gas?

A. Discoloration of column of agar

B. Discoloration of the slant surface of agar

C. Appearance of gas bubbles

D. Appearance of breaks in the column of agar

E. *Right answers C and D

  1. What changes may be observed Kitt-Tarozzi’s medium after inoculation of tested material?

A. Turbidity

B. Formation of sediment

C. Formation of gas

D. Right answers A and C

E. *Right answers A, B, C

  1. What color do Giss’s media have, if microbes utilize sugars?

A. *red

B. green

C. violet

D. brown

E. a color does not change

  1. What color do lactose-negative colony of bacteria on Levin’s medium have?

A. dark blue

B. colorless

C. red with metallic hue

D. brown

E. *rose

  1. What color do lactose-positive colony of bacteria on Levin’s medium have?

A. *dark blue

B. colorless

C. red with metallic hue

D. brown

E. green

  1. What color do lactose-positive colony of bacteria on Ploskirev’s medium have?

A. dark blue

B. colorless

C. *rose

D. brown

E. green

  1. What color does a simple medium – MPA– have?

A. red

B. *yellow

C. greenish

D. violet

E. dark blue

  1. What color does a simple medium – MPB– have?

A. red

B. dark blue

C. greenish

D. violet

E. *yellow

  1. What color does no inoculated Levin’s medium have?

A. bright red

B. poorly-rose

C. yellow

D. greenish

E. *violet

  1. What color does non-inoculated Olkenitsky’s medium have?

A. bright red

B. *pink

C. yellow

D. greenish

E. violet

  1. What color does noninoculated Ressel’s medium have?

A. bright red

B. *pinky

C. yellow

D. greenish

E. violet

  1. What color does the methylene blue stain nutrient medium if its redox potential increases?

A. Yellow

B. Green

C. Brown

D. *Blue

E. Pink


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