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C. picornaviruses
D. *herpesviruses
E. paramyxoviruses
A. *poxviruses
B. papovaviruses
C. adenoviruses
D. herpesviruses
E. parvoviruses
A. herpesviruses
B. *picornaviruses
C. poxviruses
D. togaviruses
E. paramyxoviruses
A. *Clostridium botulinum
B. Escherichia spp.
C. Salmonella spp.
D. Shigella spp.
E. Staphylococci spp.
A. Inhibit host cell DNA synthesis
B. Inhibit host cell RNA synthesis
C. Inhibit host cell protein synthesis
D. *Stimulate host cell macromolecule synthesis
E. Degrade host cell DNA
A. penetration
B. lysis
C. synthesis
D. *release
E. assembly
A. Fortner’s
B. *Veynberg’s
C. Shukevitch’s
D. Pasteur’s
E. Leffler’s
A. Fortner’s method
B. *Veynberg’s method
C. Shukevich’s method
D. Pasteur’s method
E. Leffler’s method
A. pocks
B. cytopathic effects
C. cell lines
D. *plaques
E. primary cell cultures
A. *100 °С and 40 °С
B. °С and 70 °С
C. °С and 60 °С
D. °С and 30 °С
E. °С and 20 °С
A. MPA
B. Kitt-Tarozz's medium
C. MPB
D. Sugar meat peptone broth
E. *Giss’ media
A. *MPA, yolk, 9 % of sodium chloride
B. MPA, ram’s, 9 % of sodium chloride
C. MPA, rabbit’s red cells, 9 % of sodium chloride
D. MPA, horse’s red cells, 9 % of sodium chloride
E. MPA, glucose, 9 % chloride of sodium
A. Clostridium tetani
B. Escherichia coli
C. *Lactobacillus acidophilus
D. Salmonella typhi
E. Salmonella paratyphi A
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
C. Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
E. *Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcus spp.
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. *Bacteroides spp.
D. Rickettsia spp.
E. Corynebacterium spp.
A. *Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum
B. Escherichia coli
C. Salmonella typhi
D. Proteus vulgaris
E. Brucella melitensis
A. sterilization by boiling
B. sterilizations heat oven
C. *sterilizations in an autoclave
D. sterilization by ethylene oxide
E. sterilization by ultraviolet light
A. *semi-solid agar, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator of WR (water blue and rosolic acid)
B. MPB, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)
C. MPB, lactose (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator fuchsine
D. semi-solid agar, lactose (1 %), maltose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)
E. semi-solid agar, mannitol (1 %), glucose (0,1 %) and indicator WR (water blue and rosolic acid)
A. Examination of antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria
B. Accumulations of microbial biomass
C. Examination of microorganisms pathogenicity
D. Studies of antigen structure of microorganisms
E. *Examination of bacteria enzyme activity
A. delay of division
B. *at constant rate
C. more bacteria die, then appears
D. division does not take place
E. all answers are incorrect
A. diminishing amount of nutrients
B. changes of medium рН
C. toxic action of appearing substances
D. *all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
A. Smallpox
B. Avianpox
C. *Cowpox
D. Chickenpox
E. Dogpox
A. *MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsin
B. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsin
C. MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin
D. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin
E. MPA, 5 % lactose, indicator bromthymol blue
A. Icosahedral
B. Helical
C. Hexagonal
D. *Roughly spherical
E. Complex
A. *naked viruses;
B. enveloped viruses;
C. genome is positive double -stranded RNA;
D. genome is negative single -stranded RNA;
E. virus containing double-stranded DNA.
A. sediment in test tube
B. *acid, or acid + gas
C. pellicle on the surface of nutrient medium
D. all answer are correct
E. absence of changes
A. gamma-rays
B. X-ray
C. *ultraviolet Light
D. gamma-rays
E. gas method
A. kills a bacterium
B. *detains their growth
C. halts spore formation
D. inhibit toxins production
E. inhibit enzymes production
A. *Micrococci and Corynebacteria
B. E. coli and Bacillus spp.
C. Clostridium spp. and Branhamella spp.
D. Streptococci and Gemella spp.
E. Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.
A. Colonies
B. *Plaques
C. Patches
D. Lysis
E. Clearance
A. by the renewing of nutrient medium
B. additional aeration (for aerobes)
C. it is impossible to do it
D. a right answer is not present
E. *right answers A and B
A. lithotrophs and chemotrophs
B. chemotrophs and heterotrophs
C. autotrophs and chemotrophs
D. chemotrophs and phototrophs
E. *lithotrophs and organotrophs
A. To fix the hydrogen sulphide production in this medium is impossible
B. *appearance of black precipitate in the column of agar
C. appearance of greenish precipitate in the column of agar
D. appearance of bright red precipitate in the column of agar
E. all medium will be black
A. initial and exponential
B. *exponential and stationary
C. stationary and death
D. initial and stationary
E. exponential and death
A. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
B. *Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides spp.
C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A. *MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicators water blue with rosolic acid)
B. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicator Andrede
C. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), an indicator diamond green
D. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), indicator – complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate
E. MPA, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, mannitol, and other), an indicator phenol red
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. *Vibrio parahaemolyticus
D. Treponema pallidum
E. Shigella flexneri
A. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
B. *Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides spp.
C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A. MPB, saccharose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.
B. MPA, saccharose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.
C. MPB, lactose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.
D. *MPA, lactose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.
E. MPA, glucose, salts of bile acids, diamond green, neutral red.
A. *MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals
B. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator bromthymol blue
C. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator fuchsin
D. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator neutral red
E. MPA, defibrinated or fresh blood of animals, an indicator eosin
A. MPA, pieces of liver or meat
B. MPB, yolk, medium is covered with vaseline oil
C. *Hottinger’s broth, pieces of liver or meat, glucose, medium is covered with vaseline oil
D. Hottinger’s broth, pieces of brain tissues
E. Serum broth, pieces of liver or meat,, medium is covered with vaseline oil
A. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator bromthymol dark blue
B. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator eosin
C. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator is methylene blue
D. % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), an indicator neutral red
E. *1 % peptone water, different carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, saccharose, Mannitol and other), indicator of Andrede
A. MPA, lactose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red
B. MPA, saccharose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red
C. MPA, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red
D. MPA, lactose, saccharose, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, an indicator is phenol red
E. *MPA, lactose, saccharose, glucose, complex salt of ammonium-iron sulfate (Moor’s salt), sodium thiosulphate, urea, an indicator is phenol red.
A. *Microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for obtaining the isolated colonies > inoculation on the slant agar for obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion
B. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on the slant agar for the obtaining the isolated colonies > obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion
C. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation in MPB for the obtaining the isolated colonies > inoculation on the slant agar for obtaining the pure culture > identification > conclusion
D. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for the obtaining the isolated colonies > identification > conclusion
E. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material > inoculation on a solid nutrient medium for obtaining the isolated colonies > identification
A. formation of diffuse turbidity
B. formation of pellicle
C. formation of sediment
D. *all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
A. MPB, lactose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.
B. MPA, saccharose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.
C. MPB, saccharose, indicators methylene dark, eosin.
D. *MPA, lactose, indicators methylene blue, eosin.
E. MPA, lactose, indicators methylene blue, fuchsin.
A. And. passing ahead
B. In. synchronous
C. P. with the passing ahead division of nucleoid
D. **all of answers are correct
E. all of answers are wrong
A. Biotin
B. Thiamine
C. Riboflavin
D. *all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
A. Procaryotes
B. Chromosomal disruptions
C. *Inclusion bodies
D. Cytocidal bodies
E. All of the above
A. Endo’s and Levin’s media
B. Meat-peptone agar, meat-peptone broth
C. *Zeissler’s blood-sugar agar, Kitt-Tarozzi’s medium
D. Coagulated serum, мeat-peptone gelatin
E. Ascitic agar, serum agar
A. damage of ribosomes
B. destruction of tertiary structure of albumens
C. destruction of cytoplasm membranes
D. *all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
A. character of colonies
B. *morphological signs
C. character of staining
D. character of motility
E. biochemical properties
A. *58-60 °С 30-60 minutes
B. -30 °С in 2-4 ч
C. -50 °С in 1 ч
D. -20 °С in 5-8 ч
E. -30 °С in 30-60 minutes
A. Obligate aerobes
B. Obligate anaerobes
C. Facultative anaerobes
D. *Microaerophils
E. Capneic
A. bright red
B. *poorly-rose
C. yellow
D. greenish
E. colorless
A. biosynthesis of protein molecules
B. *biooxidation with formation of ATP
C. biosynthesis of carbohydrates
D. biosynthesis of lipids
E. biosynthesis of microelements
A. *by formation of energy
B. by the loss of energy
C. by accumulation of CO2
D. all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
A. destruction of lipids
B. destroying the polysaccharides
C. DNA destroying
D. Protein synthesis disturbances
E. *coagulation of protein
A. Blood agar
B. Serum agar
C. Ascitic agar
D. *All answers are correct
E. All answers are wrong
A. oxydoreductases
B. constitutive
C. hydrolases
D. *adaptive
E. ligases
A. capneic
B. microaerophils
C. anaerobes
D. aerobes
E. *all of them
A. *MPB and MPA
B. Mannitol salt agar Levin’s medium
C. Serum MPA and 1% alkaline peptone water
D. Endo’ medium and blood agar
E. Ploskirev’s medium and serum broth
A. violation of spores’ formation.
B. violation of flagella structure
C. violation of capsule formation.
D. Violation of nucleoid function
E. *violation of CPM structure and cell wall structure
A. More rich for nutrients medium
B. More rich for vitamins nutrient medium
C. Obligatory addition of bacterial growth factors in nutrient medium
D. *All answers are correct
E. All answers are wrong
A. -15 1C
B. -30 2C
C. *30-37 3С
D. -50 4C
E. -60 5C
A. *10-25 1C
B. -30 2C
C. -37 С3
D. -50 4C
E. -60 5C
A. -20 1C
B. -30 0C
C. -37 С3
D. -50 4C
E. *50-60 5C
A. *inclusion
B. viroid
C. colony
D. cytopathic effect
E. plaque
A. vacuolation
B. necrosis
C. cell lysis
D. syncytia formation
E. *all of the above
A. *hemagglutinin
B. hemolysin
C. lipoprotein
D. neuraminidase
E. hyaluronidase
A. Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI)
B. Immunofluoresence or Fluorescence assays (IF or FA)
C. Neutralization Tests (NT)
D. Complement Fixation Test (CF)
E. *all of the above.
A. Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI)
B. *Immunofluoresence or Fluorescence assays (IF or FA)
C. Neutralization Tests (NT)
D. Complement Fixation Test (CF)
E. ELISA
A. it protects the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction.
B. it provides binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host cell.
C. it serves as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another.
D. It consists of proteins
E. *all of the above.
A. detection of cytopathic effect
B. production of interferon
C. production of vaccines
D. *observation of viral growth
E. production of lysozym
A. destruction of lipids
B. destroying the polysaccharides
C. DNA depolarization
D. *oxidization of protein active groups and their denaturizing
E. violation of proteins synthesis
A. Microscopically
B. By hemagglutination assay
C. By plaque-assay
D. *By counting plaque-forming units
E. By colony counting
A. *the complete viral particle
B. the viral genetic material
C. the viral proteins only
D. the viral genetic material and associated lipids
E. the viral genetic material and associated proteins
A. Infection
B. Integration
C. Repression
D. *Induction
E. Enhancement
A. Virion
B. Case
C. Viroid
D. *Capsid
E. Spikes
A. assembly
B. endocytosis
C. maturation
D. *exocytosis
E. eclipse
A. *initiation and regulation of virus replication
B. maintenance of the virus outside the cell
C. coding for the structural proteins of the virus
D. determining the group specific antigens of the virus
E. coding for the lipid components of the viral envelope
A. *Picornavirus
B. Adenovirus
C. Enterovirus
D. Orthomyxovirus
E. Paramyxovirus
A. *MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsine
B. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator fuchsine
C. MPA, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin
D. MPB, 1 % lactose, an indicator eosin
E. MPA, 5 % lactose, indicator bromthymol blue
A. presence of nutrients
B. sterility
C. *certain color
D. certain viscidity
E. transparency
A. facilitated diffusion
B. *transformations of chemical groups
C. passive diffusion
D. active transport
E. ionic transport
A.,2-1,0 % solutions of Chloramin B.
B. % water solutions of calcium hypochloride.
C.,05-0,1 % solution of trichloroisocyanuric acid.
D.,1-0,2 % sulfochlorantine solution
E. *3-5 % solution of carbolic acid.
A. diamond green.
B. rivanol.
C. acriflavin.
D. none of them.
E. *all of them.
A. serum MPA and serum MPB.
B. Endo’s medium and Ploskirev’s medium
C. *MPA and MPB
D. Blood MPA and TCBS medium
E. Yolk salt agar and ascitic agar
A. Cytoplasmic matrix
B. *Nucleus
C. Wall
D. Mitochondria
E. Lysozomes
A. *Cytoplasmic matrix
B. Nucleus
C. Wall
D. Mitochondria
E. Lysozomes
A. Inhibit host cell DNA synthesis
B. Inhibit host cell RNA synthesis
C. Inhibit host cell protein synthesis
D. *Stimulate host cell macromolecule synthesis
E. Degrade host cell DNA
A. enzymes
B. *a host cell
C. another virus
D. a cell wall
E. nutrience media
A. Plants
B. Animals
C. Bacteria
D. *Living cells
E. Fungi
A. To study the features of the tested material
B. To study the morphological features of possible causative agent
C. To choose necessary nutrient medium for inoculation
D. To inoculate tested material for obtaining the isolated colonies
E. *All answers are correct
A. Penicillin
B. Streptomycin
C. Ciprofloxacin
D. *Nistatin
E. Mitomicin C
A. Staphylococci
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. *Meningococci
D. Shigella
E. Salmonella
A. *Clostridium septicum, Bacteroides fragilis
B. Salmonella schottmuelleri
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Proteus rettgeri
E. Francisella tularensis
A. Discoloration of column of agar
B. Discoloration of the slant surface of agar
C. Appearance of gas bubbles
D. Appearance of breaks in the column of agar
E. *Right answers C and D
A. Turbidity
B. Formation of sediment
C. Formation of gas
D. Right answers A and C
E. *Right answers A, B, C
A. *red
B. green
C. violet
D. brown
E. a color does not change
A. dark blue
B. colorless
C. red with metallic hue
D. brown
E. *rose
A. *dark blue
B. colorless
C. red with metallic hue
D. brown
E. green
A. dark blue
B. colorless
C. *rose
D. brown
E. green
A. red
B. *yellow
C. greenish
D. violet
E. dark blue
A. red
B. dark blue
C. greenish
D. violet
E. *yellow
A. bright red
B. poorly-rose
C. yellow
D. greenish
E. *violet
A. bright red
B. *pink
C. yellow
D. greenish
E. violet
A. bright red
B. *pinky
C. yellow
D. greenish
E. violet
A. Yellow
B. Green
C. Brown
D. *Blue
E. Pink
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