Methodology of determination is specialization of agricultural enterprises and indexes of her economic efficiency

Specialization of production in agricultural enterprises is characterize by many indexes basic from that is a structure of commodity products. Therefore, the value of certain industry of agricultural enterprise is determine by part of her commodity products in the general amount of commodity products of economy.

The additional indexes of specialization of production are: structure of gross products; a structure of expenses of labor is in industries; a structure of capital, capital investments goods is for the row of years; structure of sowing areas; structure of population of animals and other.

Basic index inwardly economic specialization of agricultural enterprises is a structure of gross products.

To the economies that is specialized on the production of goods of one industry, it follows to take those in that this industry gives over to the 50 percent commodity products. From here an economy can be a cattle breeder, pig breeding, grain-growing. If industry gives two kinds to the products, then specialization of economy is determined after the prevailing type of products(for example, milk meat cattle breeding, meat wool sheep breeding). If two industries of economy give 2/3 and more commodity products(one a chop the mare not less than as 25 and not more than 50 percent then such economies attribute to specialized on two industries. Specialization they are determined after industry the products of that prevail(for example, sugar beet milk, cattle breeding flax cultivation direction of economy).

To those, that is specialized on three industries, take economies that get from these industries 75 percent more commodity products commodity products, thus each of these industries must produce not less than 24 percent no more to the 33,3 percent commodity products. Other enterprises are attribute to those, where certain specialization was yet fold.

The level of specialization of economy is determined after part by the costs of commodity products of main industries in a total worth him commodity products. Deeply specialized enterprises that produce one type of commodity products (poultry factories, economies from fattening to the sapling/plc. of cattle, pigs, vegetable factories and others like that) mainly have a high level of specialization. Thus, part of commodity products of mainindustrypresentseconomiesoverthe50percentgeneralcosts of commodity products. Than less of main and additional industries, that comparatively higher is a level of specialization of enterprise.

The level of specialization is determined after a coefficient that is expected after a formula:

Кс =100 / (∑Ут(2і-1)),

where Кс - coefficient of specialization; Ут - part of commodity products of separate industries; i- is a sequence number of part of commodity products at a certain row. Value of Кс to 0,20 testifies to the low level of specialization of economy; 0,21-0,40 - middle; 0,41-0,60 - high; 0,61 and anymore - for deep specialization of economy.

Distinguish two basic progress of specialization trends. The first is characterize by that an economy is specialized on the production of a few types of commodity products: one- two in a plant-grower and one-two in a stock raising at simultaneous development of a few additional and subsidiary industries. This tendency presently is basic. The second tendency becomes known in that an enterprise is specialized on the production of one type of products: beef, pork, meat of bird, eggs, vegetables, fruit and others like that. Many economies carry out a production on industrial basis, for them both organization of production with a complete cycle and wide development of between economic connections and cooperation is characteristic. Especially considerable development was purchase by cooperation in creation of large enterprises from a production of meat.

For many agricultural enterprises the peculiar combined production, ides with a few industries at their certain combination. It is thus necessary correctly to combine main, additional and subsidiary industries. Rational combination of industries in agricultural enterprises is determined by such principles: the greatest efficiency of production; most complete and correct use of ground-climatic and economic terms of economy; reduction to seasonality of the use of labor force, her more complete and even use for a year; utilization of wastes and side products of one industries other; acceleration of money in an economy and other. For the deeper ground of rational combination of industries in an economy, all wider apply economies mathematical methods with the use of modern electro-calculable machines.

Perfection of specialization of agricultural enterprises, her deepening - one of ways of achievement of higher economic results economies: increase of production of good sand increase of efficiency of her production volume. At the decision of questions of rational specialization of production specializations, that represent efficiency of the use of earth, labor force, productive funds, and current outlays, use a criterion and system of indexes of efficiency in agricultural enterprises.

For the deeper economic evaluation of specialization that was fold, and perspective specialization of agricultural enterprises, use such system of indexes: increase of gross products, gross receipt and net profit calculating on unit of the landed area(agricultural lands, plough-land), expenses of labor, productive funds, capital investments, current outlays.

Comparative efficiency of a variants of specialization that is developed on a prospect, determine after a formula:

Е = П / (3т+КеКв)

where Е - is efficiency of variant of specialization; П - is an increase of gross products; Зт – is an increase of current outlays; Ке - is a normative coefficient of efficiency; Кв - is an increase of sum of capital investments.

The basic tasks of perfection of inwardly economic specialization are: maximal increase of production of goods in every subdivision, effective use of productive funds and labor resources, increase of indexes of efficiency of production. At planning of in warmly economic specialization, it follows to take into account technological copulas between sub divisions, to envisage rational combination of industries. Every productive subdivision (area, workshop, brigade, and farm) must have certain specialization taking into account the complex of terms of work of subdivisions of economy.

---

Дата добавления: 2015-10-16