Translate the sentences with Infinitives used as

a) subjects:

1. To study this phenomenon requires much knowledge. 2. To train highly qualified scientific workers is extremely important for the development of science. 3. It is necessary to fulfil this work in time. 4. It is important to solve this question. 5. To repeat the words is very useful. 5. To read much is to know much.

b) predicatives:

1. One of their principal tasks was to study well and to take part in the students’ social activity. 2. The main task is to examine this substance. 3. To study well means to do one’s duty. 4. He has to solve this problem. 5. The substance began to melt. 6. The substances formed during combustion are to be called oxides. 7. You must know your speciality very well.

c) objects:

1. He tried to finish his work in time. 2. He is sorry to have been late. 3. I advise you to read this book. 4. He wanted to know English well.

d) attributes:

1. He is the only one to answer the question. 2. We are having a lot of problems to talk over. 3. I had no desire to stay there any longer. 4. The apparatus to be used in our work was constructed in our laboratory. 5. The problem to be solved by us is very interesting. 6. The heat to be applied to the reacting mixture will accelerate the reaction. 7. The material to be used was examined. 8. The property of air to be discussed now is its density. 9. We were the first to know the news.

e) adverbial modifiers of purpose and of result:

1. To determine the properties of this compound the scientists made a lot of experiments. 2. In order to get good results he had to work hard. 3. He came to the Institute to speak to the teacher before the lectures. 4. He knew me too well not to believe me. 5. The problem was too complex to solve it at once. 6. Some of the metals are not active enough to react with water at ordinary temperature.

2. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the Passive Infinitive:

1. She doesn’t want to ask you. She doesn’t want to be asked. 2. My friend was glad to have given you this book. My friend was glad to have been given this book. 3. He had to translate this article without a dictionary. The article had to be translated without a dictionary.

3. State the forms and functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian:

Model:

The work to be done was difficult. (Indefinite Infinitive, Passive, функція – означення)

Робота, яку треба було зробити, була важкою.

1. Anaerobic bacteria attack the organic matter to produce unpleasant decay products, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and methane. 2. Water has a natural ability to purify itself when it becomes contaminated. 3. When the level of dissolved oxygen falls below 5 p. p. m., aquatic plants and animals start to suffer. 4. Pollutant gases dissolve in rain water to make acid rain. 5. Water to be used for drinking should be thoroughly purified. 6. The main task is to examine this substance more carefully. 7. To establish the molecular weight oxygen means to find the number of atoms in the oxygen molecule. 8. Some of the metals are not active enough to react with water at ordinary temperature. 9. The problem to be solved by this scientist is very interesting. 10. The purpose of these experiments was to observe properties of the element involved. 11. In order to liquefy a gas at a temperature below its critical temperature, it is practically necessary only to compress the gas. 12. To establish the molecular weight of oxygen means to find the number of atoms in the oxygen molecule. 13. Our graduates want to work at many different chemical enterprises of the country.14. Their task was to pass all their exams well.

4. Translate the sentences with Modal verbs with Perfect Infinitives:

1. They should have opposed that proposal. 2. You should have been more careful with the new equipment. 3. This ought not to have happened. 4. He ought not to have said this. 5. Originally the Earth’s temperature must have been extremely high. 6. They should have tested the new equipment.7. You could have done this work yourself. 8. He may have finished his experiment, but we don’t know about it yet.

5. Complete the following sentences:

1. He failed to answer this question. He should …2. Nothing serious happened. You ought not to …3. They only laughed at his plans. He should not …4. I have forgotten everything he said. I should …5. Now the truth has been found out. He ought not to …

6. State the functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences:

1. The goal of ecology is to learn how the ecosphere works. 2. There are several basic ways to get rid of trash. 3. People’s attitudes about trash began to change after World War II. 4. They had more garbage, fewer places to put it, and tougher laws telling them how to get rid of it. 5. To use valuable resources just once and try to dispose of them doesn’t make sense from an efficiency point of view. 6. Many paper companies were reluctant to invest millions in building new paper-recycling plants. 7. Different types of plastics cannot be mixed together. 8. The best way to cut down on garbage is for people to use less. 9. Another simple thing for people to do is to buy recycled product. 10. It is important to find creative ways to recycle.

11. Rubber and plastic are difficult to recycle because of their chemical properties.

12. Plastics must be sorted by recycling companies at great cost. 13. It was hardly possible to distinguish the properties of this substance at a glance, therefore a powerful microscope had to be used. 14. Water to be usedfor drinking should be thoroughly purified.

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1. Read, translate and comment on the following dialogue:

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30