Match the words to their definitions.

1) ranch 2) surplus 3) abundance 4) rainfall 5) drought

a) great amount b) the amount of precipitation in a specified place and time c) a large plot of land used for raising livestock d) a prolonged period of scanty rainfall e) a quantity or amount in excess of what is required

3. Match the adjectives with similar meanings:

1) temperate 2) fortunate 3) immense 4) plentiful 5) unrivalled 6) favourable

a) huge b) prevalent c) moderate d) appropriate e) matchless f) lucky

Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.

surpluses economy rainfall

powerhouse crops irrigation

1) Agriculture and its related industries serve as a foundation of American _____.

2) Crop _____ and low prices have made it hard for many farmers to make a profit.

3) The USA agricultural market has long been a global _____.

4) _____ ranges from modest to abundant.

5) Rivers and underground water allow for _____ where necessary.

6) America has many types of climate, so different _____ can be grown.

READING AND speaking

Read the following text.

Agriculture of the USA

America's history with farming is immense and synonymous with the story of the country. Farming is a tradition that has created a vast industry that still employs nearly a million people nationwide. Due to the plentiful fields and inventive techniques, America has been able to raise a wide variety of grains, vegetables, fruits, and livestock that have created a surplus for the country. This surplus has transformed the nation into an economic powerhouse and an important food supplier for the world.

United States is still an agricultural nation. Fifty percent of the country (907 million acres) is cropland, pastureland, and rangeland on privately owned land. About one-fifth of Americans are employed in the agricultural industry. The United States has an abundance of fertile soil and good climates in which to grow food.

In America, there are many types of farms, such as dairy farms; grain and cereal farms; ranches that raise beef cattle; fruit orchards; cotton, tobacco, and tea plantations; and vegetable farms. The most prevalent are the cash grain farms, specializing in corn and soybeans with various grains, beans, and rice. Field crop farms specialize in potatoes, sugar beets, hay, hops, sunflowers, and others. Farms that grow vegetables, fruits, tree nuts, and nursery crops are known as high value. Tobacco and cotton farms are usually kept to lands of their own, due to the specialization needed to raise them. The livestock farms raise cattle, hogs, poultry.

Thanks to nature's bounty and to the effective use of machines, fertilizers and chemicals, American farmers are virtually unrivalled in producing crops cheaply and in quantity. America produces the largest amount of food in the world, sustaining itself and other countries. It yields as much as half of the world's soybeans and corn for grain, and from 10 to 25 percent of its cotton, wheat, tobacco and vegetable oils.

The system that has been established between farmers and the government by means of subsidizing crops has developed over the years. Farms are paid to plant certain types of crops and to not plant others. This has created better government oversight on the agricultural well-being of the country as a whole. It has prevented overproduction or underproduction of individual crops, hence stabilizing prices.

With some of the best farmland in the world, America has been able to perfect its process of raising crops and animals. American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under extremely favourable natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is modest to abundant over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not. Large capital investments and increasing use of highly trained labour also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers driving tractors with air-conditioned cabs hitched to very expensive, fast-moving ploughs, tillers, and harvesters. Biotechnology has led to the development of seeds that are disease- and drought-resistant. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used. Computers track farm operations, and even space technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. What's more, researchers periodically introduce new food products and new methods for raising them, such as artificial ponds to raise fish.

Because of modern technology for moving, storing, and processing crops, Americans are fortunate to have just about any type of food they want during the year.

Answer the questions.

1) What role has agriculture played in America’s transformation into an economic powerhouse?

2) How much land is used for farming?

3) What are the main types of farms in the USA?

4) What crops do the American farmers grow?

5) What helps to prevent overproduction or underproduction of certain crops?

6) Are America’s natural conditions favourable for agriculture?

7) In what way is space technology applied?

7. The following factors contribute to the success of American agriculture:

ü capital investments ü highly trained labour ü plentiful fields ü pesticides ü disease-resistant seeds

ü fertile soil ü drought-resistant seeds ü modest to abundant rainfall ü fertilizers ü subsidies

Which refers to

natural conditions?

government policy?

education?

biotechnology?

Read the following information.

Farming Regions of the United States

Different parts of the United States are better for raising different crops or products. For example, most fresh fruits and vegetables are grown in temperate climates (climates that lack extremes in temperature). States that produce lots of fruits and vegetables are California, Florida, and Texas, not only because of their climates but also because they have longer growing seasons. The Great Plains (grasslands) grow large amounts of wheat, barley, corn, and other grains. In some of the drier desert areas of the West, where crops cannot be easily grown, ranchers graze cattle and other livestock. Crops like potatoes grow best in cooler climates, so they are grown in mountainous areas where it stays cooler longer in the spring.

For management purposes, the U.S. Department of Agriculture divides the United States into 10 major farm production regions. These regions differ from each other in terms of soil, slope of the land, climate, distance to market, and storage facilities. The Northeast and the states near the Great Lakes are where most of the country’s milk is produced. The climate and soil is good for growing grains that cattle need. The Appalachia region is a major tobaccoproducing area. It is also well known for cattle and hog production, dairy farming, and peanuts. The Southeast region is used for raising beef and farming fruit, vegetables, peanuts, citrus fruit, winter vegetables, sugarcane, and cotton.

The Delta region grows soybeans, cotton, rice, corn, and sugarcane. It is also an important area for livestock production. The Corn Belt has an abundance of rich soil and a good climate for farming. This region produces corn, wheat, soybeans, dairy products, cattle, hogs, and feed grains. The Northern and Southern Plains produce the majority of the nation’s winter and spring wheat. They also harvest other grains, hay, and cotton and are involved in dairy farming (milk production). The Mountain region is largely used for grazing cattle and sheep. Wheat is also grown there, though, as well as hay, sugar beets, fruits, potatoes, and other vegetables in the irrigated valleys. The Pacific region specializes in wheat, potatoes, fruit, cotton, cattle, and dairy farming. Hawaii is well known for growing pineapples and sugarcane. Alaska has many greenhouse/nursery farms and also produces dairy products.

9. a) Complete the table using information from the text “Farming Regions of the United States”.

	Farm production region	Agricultural produce
1)	Northeast and the states near Great Lakes	milk, grains
2)	Appalachia
3)	Southeast
4)	Delta
5)	Corn Belt
6)	Northern and Southern Plains
7)	Mountain
8)	Pacific
9)	Hawaii
10)	Alaska

B) Now complete the sentences using information from the table.

1) Milk is produced in......

2) Sugarcane is grown in......

3) Cotton is the principal crop in......

4)...... are used for farming hogs.

5)...... is a major tabaccoproducing area.

6) Wheat is grown in......

7)...... produce peanuts.

SPEAKING TASK

Describe the agriculture of the USA.

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Conditional Sentences

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

1) If I see him, I _____ (give) him that book.

2) The police _____ (arrest) the criminal if they catch him.

3) If he _____ (read) in bad light, he will ruin his eyes.

4) The teacher will be very angry if he _____ (make) any more mistakes.

5) If I lend you $10 when you _____ (pay) me back?

6) Ice _____ (turn) to water if you heat it.

7) If he _____ (want) more money, he _____ (have) to do more work.

8) If you _____ (like) a job in this company, I'll get you one.

9) If he _____ (leave) university now, he _____ (be) sorry afterwards.

10) If the house _____ (burn down), we can claim compensation.

Match the sentence beginnings and endings.

1) How will she get there 2) If the local shop's closed, 3) Will your sister take the job 4) We’ll go for a walk, 5) They will steal your car

a) if they offer it to her? b) if she can't get a flight? c) if it doesn’t begin to rain.. d) if you leave it unlocked. e) we'll go to the supermarket.

Write the verbs in brackets into the gaps in Conditional II.

1) He _____ (look) a lot better if he did more exercise.

2) If he worked more carefully he _____ (not/make) so many mistakes.

3) More tourists would come to this seaside if it _____ (have) a better climate.

4) If he _____ (clean) his windscreen, he'd be able to see where he was going.

5) If I _____ (win) a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job.

6) If I _____ (have) a university degree, I now _____ (sit) in a comfortable office instead of standing at a street corner selling newspapers.

7) If I _____ (get) a promotion I _____ (not/look for) another job.

8) If we had more rain, our crops _____ (grow) faster.

9) If I _____ (get) a work permit, I'd stay for another six months.

10) I could get a job easily if I _____ (have) a degree.

Match the questions and answers.

1) What would Chris do if he won the lottery? 2) What would you do if you lost your job? 3) What would you do if the bus didn't come? 4) What would you do if your video broke? 5) What would you do if it rained?

a) I'd find another one. b) I'd get a taxi. c) I'd take it back to the shop. d) He'd give up work. e) I'd borrow an umbrella.

Change the sentences according to the model.

Model: He runs round the park every morning, so he keeps very fit. - If I ran round the park every morning I would keep fit too.

1) He lives in the South, so he can grow a lot of flowers.

2) She is a journalist, so she travels a lot.

3) He lives near his work, so he is never late.

4) He goes to bed early, so he always wakes up in time.

5) His French is good, so he reads French books in the original.

Use the verbs in brackets in Conditional III.

1) If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.

2) You would have seen my garden at its best if you _____ (be) here last week.

3) I _____ (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill.

4) If you had told me that he never paid his debts, I _____ (not/lend) him the money.

5) If you _____ (look) at the engine for a moment, you would have seen what was wrong.

6) If he had known that the river was dangerous, he _____ (not/try) to swim across it.

7) If he _____ (work) hard at his French, he _____ (not/fail) at the exam.

8) He would have been arrested if he _____ (try) to leave the country.

9) I _____ (be) very upset if I _____ (not/pass) my last exam.

10) If I had known my friend was in trouble, I _____ (do) my best to help him.

Decide which type conditional each sentence is. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

1) If I were you, I would read the book in the original.

2) They will go to the beach, if it is warmer.

3) Someone might have noticed, if she had opened the letter.

4) If she lived near the university, she would never be late.

5) If you go to bed early, you’ll wake up in time.

6) I would have helped you, if I had known about it.

7) If I didn’t have an examination tomorrow, I might go with you.

8) If they had had a good guide, they would have seen all the sights.

9) I wouldn’t do it, if I were you.

10) Her English would improve, if they spoke English to her.

11) If Tom had helped us, the job would have taken half an hour.

12) If you really wanted to buy the house, you could do it even now.

13) We’ll go swimming, if the water is not very cold.

14) If I had known that you were coming, I’d have baked a cake.

15) If he writes to her, she will answer at once.

Write each sentence three times forming Conditionals I, II, III.

1) If I (see) John, I (tell) him your news.

2) He (be) very pleased if it (be) really true.

3) He (lose) weight if he (stop) eating too much.

4) We (visit) the museum, if we (have) time.

5) If you (ask) a policeman, he (tell) you the way.

Use the verbs in brackets in Mixed Type Conditional.

1) He would still be alive today if he (not take) that drug.

2) I overslept; that's why I'm half an hour late; and if my phone (not ring) at nine o'clock, I might still be in bed.

3) If only they (turn) back with the others, they would be alive today.

4) If the pain (return), you'd better take another рill.

5) She didn’t come to the meeting yesterday and now she has big problems. If she (come) she wouldn’t be in trouble now.

Form meaningful sentences. Match the if-clauses with the main clauses.

1) He wouldn't have become so strong...

2) They would have come...

3) If they had been ready the day before...

4) If I hadn't needed the book...

5) If they had had a city map...

6) If you had warned us...

7) He wouldn't know much...

8) We wouldn't have wasted so much time...

9) If you had sent me a telegram...

10) We had never done this...

a)... I wouldn't be worried now.

b)... I wouldn't have gone to the library.

c)... we wouldn't have come so early.

d)... unless he had done sports.

e)... they wouldn't have been lost.

f)... if Jane had invited them.

g)... unless you had agreed with us.

h)... unless he read much.

i)... they would have taken their exam.

j)... if you had bought everything beforehand.

Write the verbs in brackets in their correct forms into the gaps.

1) If they _____ (to have) enough money, they would buy a new car.

2) If it rains, I _____ (not/to play) football.

3) I _____ (to phone) you if I hadn't seen you today.

4) We would pass the exam if we _____ (to study) harder.

5) I _____ (to go) to the party if you come with me.

6) If they _____ (to buy) the cat, their children would have been happy.

7) You'll catch a cold if you _____ (not/to wear) a pullover.

8) If I _____ (to see) the film, I wouldn't have bought the video.

9) If you _____ (to wait) a minute, I'll come with you.

10) If I went anywhere, it _____ (to be) Australia.

11) We _____ (to watch) TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the theatre tickets.

12) Would you go out more often if you _____ (not/to have) to do so much in the house?

13) If he hadn't missed the train, he _____ (to arrive) here in time.

14) If we _____ (to cycle) to Dresden, it will be a fantastic trip.

Translate into English.

1) Якби на вихідних не було так багато снігу, ми б не пішли кататися на лижах.

2) Ми запізнимося на потяг, якщо не вирушимо одразу ж.

3) Якби я зараз попросила його про допомогу, він би допоміг.

4) Якщо тобі не сподобається цей журнал, я принесу інший.

5) Якби ти приїхав кількома хвилинами раніше, ти б зміг купити квитки.

6) Якби він платив своїм працівникам більше, вони б краще працювали.

7) Якщо я знайду необхідну інформацію в Інтернеті, я зателефоную тобі.

8) Ти б не потрапив у біду, якби дослухався до моїх порад.

9) Якщо він запізниться, ми підемо без нього.

10) Вона б відвідувала своїх батьків частіше, якби вони жили ближче.

Unit 17 Organic Farming
	Vocabulary in Use How organic Farming Works The Limits to Organic Farming in Feeding the World Language Focus Wish-sentences

Vocabulary In Use

1. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

1) organic farming 2) conventional farming 3) pest control 4) crop rotation 5) renewable source 6) soil conservation 7) perennial crop 8) soil fertility

a) традиційне землеробство b) багаторічна культура c) органічне землеробство d) охорона та збереження ґрунтів e) родючість ґрунту f) сівозміна g) відновлювальне джерело h) боротьба з шкідниками

Fill in the definitions with the words or phrases from the box.

compost pest control

cover crop crop rotation

1) _____ is successive cultivation of different crops in a specified order on the same fields.

2) _____ is a type of plant grown to suppress weeds, help build and improve soil, and control diseases and pests.

3) _____ is a mixture of organic residues such as decomposed vegetation, manure, etc., used as a fertilizer.

4) _____ is the reduction or regulation of the population of insects, preventing them from destroying crops.

3. Match the verbs with similar meanings:

1) to preclude 2) to involve 3) to refrain 4) to underline 5) to decay 6) to predict

a) to include b) to decline c) to forecast d) to decompose e) to emphasize f) to prevent

Match the beginning of the sentence in A with its ending in B.

A

1) The goal for organic agriculture is to …

2) Organic farmers do not use …

3) Organic farmers use …

4) Organic farms provide animals with …

5) The use of antibiotics and hormones …

B

a) … crop rotation, natural fertilizers, manure, hand weeding to naturally enhance agricultural productivity.

b) … optimize the health of the land, crops, animals and people, to enhance biodiversity and restore and maintain the environment.

c) … “natural” living conditions and feed.

d) … is banned.

e) … synthetic chemicals, pesticides and antibiotics to grow crops or raise livestock.

READING AND speaking

Read the following text.

How Organic Farming Works

Humans have engaged in agriculture for more than 10,000 years. Fertilisers, irrigation, mechanisation and genetic engineering have all served to increase harvests and support unprecedented levels of human population. Recently, however, the true environmental costs of these techniques have become clearer, and the Earth is paying the price.

The lifestyle trend for organic food started around the middle 1990s, and really took off around the turn of the millennium. Organic farming is a system of farming in which strong emphasis is placed on the use of organic materials.

In principle, organic farming precludes the use of most chemicals - especially those considered de rigueur in conventional farming and food production methods. The techniques and processes involve holistic and ecologically balanced practices that take into account such things as the fertility of the soil, natural pest control as well as crop rotation. Perhaps the overall premise of organic farming can be summed up best by simple saying: ‘let nature do what nature does best’. Everyday food items, including vegetables, meat, dairy produce, grains and fibres can all be produced on organic farms, and these products are organic due to the fact that they stay as close to their natural state as possible. It is partly for this reason that organic farmers refrain from spraying their crops with synthetic fertilisers or pesticides, while also decreasing the use of synthetic antibiotics and hormones when working with their cattle and livestock. The animals on an organic farm are fed with organic foodstuffs and live in free-range, outdoor conditions.

The methods of organic farming underline the wisdom of the use of all renewable sources supporting water and soil conservation. The very origin of good organic farming begins with the idea of good quality soil. This is important, as the correct and healthy mix of soil will yield healthier and plentiful crops and animals, and will also reduce instances of disease, making the farm more productive. Organic farmers employ various techniques to manage the quality of their soil. This is also a holistic process that takes into account not only soil, but also weeds, pests and water. It involves the use of animal manure and compost, cover crops and crop rotation, as well as green manure.

Compost is made from decayed organic waste to increase the nutrient richness of the soil, and can come from a variety of sources, including leaves and wood chippings, and manure from horses and cattle. This means that an organic farm has a continuous and ready supply of such manure.

Cover crops are also used on organic farms in order to improve the quality of soil. Such crops work by protecting the surface of the soil from water and wind erosion, thereby maintaining the structure and levels of organic matter in the soil. Such crops are also used in preference to conventional synthetic pesticides to keep pests, infestations and weeds at bay. Weeds generally grow where no other plants are growing in their way, so cover crops act as a barrier. These crops also attract beneficial bugs to the crops, such as ladybirds, that will consume more harmful pests.

Finally, crop rotation also aids in keeping soil fertile. The simplest rule of crop rotation is not to grow the same thing in the same place two years running. A mono-soil that has only one crop year after year tends to become depleted of nutrients.

Answer the questions.

1) What is organic farming?

2) What techniques and processes does organic farming involve?

3) What can be produced on an organic farm?

4) How are cattle fed by an organic farmer?

5) Why is it important to maintain soil quality?

6) What techniques can be used to manage the quality of soil?

7) What are the sources of compost?

8) What are the functions of cover crops?

7. Which of the following can (+) or can’t (-) be used on an organic farm?

	+	-
pesticides antibiotics manure crop rotation plant growth regulators hand weeding hormones GMO feed synthetic chemicals		ü

Fill in the gaps using the words from the box.

ecosystems erosion pesticides or fertilizers soil

water pollution production and fertility chemical-free growth hormone or antibiotic

Organic does not refer to the food itself but how the food is produced. Organic foods are produced without using any synthetic 1) _____. Organic crops are grown on soil that has been 2) _____ for at least four years. Organic farming is also meant to maintain the land and keep the surrounding 3)_____ healthy. Organic livestock cannot be fed nonorganic feed or given any type of 4) _____.

When properly managed, organic farming reduces or eliminates 5) _____ and helps conserve water and soil on farms.

Most organic farmers try to make the best use of land, animal, and plant interactions; preserve the natural nutrients; and enhance biodiversity. They practice soil and water conservation to keep 6) _____ down. They use organic manure and mulch to improve 7) _____ structure. They also use natural pest controls. They rotate their crops to keep 8) _____ higher.

Read the following information.

The Limits to Organic Farming in Feeding the World

Organic farming avoids the use of chemical pesticides and manmade fertilizers. Supporters say organic farming is better for the environment than conventional methods. But studies have shown that organic farming generally produces less food per hectare. That lower yield means feeding the world organically would require more land. But good farmland is limited. And scientists say deforestation from the clearing of land for agriculture is already a problem for climate change.

A new study shows that organic crops typically yield less than those raised with artificial fertilizers and pesticides. In a new study, researchers wanted to measure the difference between conventional and organic yields. So they combined the results of sixty-six earlier studies. They found that some organic farms can yield almost as much as conventional farms. But most cannot.

Verena Seufert at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, was the lead author of the study in the journal Nature.

VERENA SEUFERT: "Conventional yields are typically higher than organic yields. But with certain management practices, certain environmental conditions, and certain crop species, this yield difference can be quite small."

On average, organic farms produced twenty-five percent less compared to conventional farms. But yields of organic fruits and other perennial crops nearly equalled the yields from conventional ones. So did the yields of legumes such as soybeans. Legumes produce some of their own nitrogen fertilizer. However, organic vegetables and cereal crops like maize and wheat had a lot lower yields compared to conventionally grown crops.

Ms.Seufert says the soil on organic farms holds water better, and that can reduce the yield difference. Also, organic farmers can improve their yields by making sure their crops get enough fertilizer.

But increasing the nitrogen is harder to do organically, using just animal waste and crop rotations. Organic farmers rotate food crops with plants that fertilize the soil. But while these "cover", or fertilizer, crops are growing, food crops have to be grown on other land. And if farmers use manure, they have to feed the animals that produce it, and that requires grazing land or crop land.

The United Nations predicts that world demand for food will grow seventy percent by the middle of the century. John Reganold is a soil scientist at Washington State University. He says no one should dismiss organic agriculture as part of the solution. He is sure that farming is increasingly a combination of organic and conventional methods.

Read the statements and say if they are true or false. Correct the false ones.

1) Conventional farming is better for the environment than organic methods.

2) To feed world’s population with organic food will require much more farmland.

3) Organic yields are higher than conventional ones.

4) Organic farmers use cover crops to fertilize their fields.

5) World food demand is growing.

Discuss pros and cons of organic farming.

12. Did you know that …?

The ways farmers grow and process agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, grains and animal products determine whether or not a product is organic. In the U.S, EU, Canada, and Japan, organic standards are regulated by the government, which means products that contain the “Organic” label are subjected to inspections of their land and farming practices regularly.

There are four types of organic labels which are regulated by the government:

1) 100% organic. To use this label on any product, the product must be either completely organic or made of all organic ingredients.

2) Organic. In order to use this label, 95% or more of the ingredients need to be organic.

3) % organic. In order to claim a percentage amount of organic on a label it must contain between 70%-95% organic ingredients. These products cannot use the USDA organic logo but use “Made with organic ingredients”

4) Multi-ingredient products with less than 70% organic ingredients may only contain organic claims in the product ingredient list, nowhere else on their product are they allowed to advertise organic.

SPEAKING TASK

Speak about the principles of organic farming

LANGUAGE FOCUS

Wish-sentences

14. Change the sentences using “wish” or “If only”.

A

1) I'm sorry that I'm so clumsy. - I wish/If only I were not so clumsy.

2) My parents are sorry that I'm not good at math. - (My parents).....

3) Jim is sorry that he doesn't know Jenny's phone number - (Jim).....

4) My dad is sorry that my mother doesn't speak English - (My dad).....

5) I'm sorry that it's raining - (I).....

6) I'm sorry that you are ill – (I).....

7) I'm sorry that I can't play the violin – (I).....

8) I'm sorry that I'm so late – (I).....

B

1) I'm sorry I didn't book a seat. – (I).....

2) It's a pity he didn't work harder during the term. – (He)....

3) I'm sorry I didn't know you were in trouble. - (I).....

4) I’m sorry I didn’t explain it to you. -(I).....

5) He’s sorry that he didn’t help his granny to plant potatoes. – (He).....

6) I'm sorry that I didn’t meet you when you came. – (I).....

7) They are sorry they missed the lecture. – (They).....

8) Mary is sorry her car broke down on Sunday. – (She).....

Choose the most appropriate answer.

1. He likes to swim. He wishes he _____ near the sea.

a) lives b) lived c) had lived

2. She didn't come to his birthday party yesterday. He wishes she _____.

a) has come b) came c) had come

3. I said that her cooking was terrible. I wish I _____ that.

a) didn’t say b) hadn’t said c) don’t say

4. It's cold today. I wish it _____ warmer.

a) had been b) has been c) were

5. Her new car consumes a lot of gas. She wishes she _____ a different car.

a) buys b) bought c) had bought

6. I wish I _____ the answer, but I don't.

a) know b) knew c) had known

7. Their trip to China was very interesting. I wish I _____ there with them.

a) go b) went c) had gone

8. She wishes she _____ blue eyes.

a) has b) had c) had had

9. I wish I _____ help you.

a) can b) could c) will

10. Several companies had vacancies for college graduates. He wished he _____ to college.

a) go b) went c) had gone

16. Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets. Some sentences require a negation.

1) Bruce wishes he _____ (have) more money so he could buy a new sweater.

2) I wish I _____ (be) taller so that I could be in the basketball team.

3) I wish you _____ (stop) watching television while I am talking to you.

4) I wish you _____ (do) that. It annoys me.

5) I wish the holidays _____ (come) so we could go off to the seaside.

6) Of course Tom wishes he _____ (come) with us to Paris, but he has to stay here.

7) I wish we _____ (go) to the match on Saturday but we're visiting my uncle.

8) I wish you _____ (keep) your mouth shut yesterday. Now Mary knows.

9) If only I _____ (lose) all my money. Now I'm broke.

10) Peter is always late. If only he _____ (turn up) on time for a change!

Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verb in brackets.

1) We always have to take the bus home. I wish we _____ (not/live) so far from the city centre.

2) We are completely soaked. I wish we _____ (bring) the umbrella.

3) He is always whistling. I wish he _____ (not/do) that all the time.

4) We are having a wonderful holiday on the beach. I wish you _____ (be) here.

5) This computer is useless. I wish my parents _____ (choose) a better one when they bought it.

6) She’s got a new job but she feels bored. She wishes her boss _____ (give) her more responsibility.

7) He is sorry he missed the wedding ceremony. He wishes he _____ (go).

8) I wish my neighbours _____ (not make) so much noise. I can hardly sleep at night.

9) Citizens wish their leaders _____ (start) doing something to improve the economic situation.

10) They have lots of money. Even so, they wish they _____ (have) more and more.

18. Continue the sentences starting with “I wish...”. The words in brackets will help you to form your sentences.

1) We lost the game yesterday,..... (win)

2) I sat at the back of the hall, and couldn't hear his speech very well,..... (every word)

3) The sea is rough, we can't sail to the island,..... (calm)

4) There were no taxis, so I had to walk from the station,..... (find)

5) I went to bed very late last night, and I'm half asleep this morning,..... (so late)

6) I could only answer three of the questions at the last examination,..... (all of them)

7) The box was heavy, I couldn't carry it...... (help me)

8) My father gave me some good advice, but I didn't take it...... (his advice)

9) One of my friends went to London for a holiday last summer, but I couldn't go.... (with him)

10) Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. I'm so angry with you...... (more attentive)

19. Translate into English using “wish”.

1) Шкода, що я не можу піти в кіно з вами.

2) Добре було б, якби Пітер був художником.

3) Шкода, що в мене вчора був не вихідний день.

4) Шкода, що в тебе не було часу допомогти мені.

5) Добре було б, якби він завжди приходив вчасно.

6) Якби лише я знав відповідь на твоє питання.

7) Джек хотів би вміти плавати.

8) Шкода, що ми не поїхали з вами в Карпати.

9) Шкода, що вона не знайшла тоді свого друга.

10) Добре було б, якби ти міг допомогти мені вирішити цю проблему.

Unit 18 Sustainable Agriculture
	Vocabulary in Use Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Livestock Husbandry Language Focus Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech

Vocabulary In Use

1. Find the Ukrainian equivalents in the right-hand column for the following:

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