Other notes

1. the Children Act (1989) - An Act to reform the law relating to children; to provide for local authority services for children in need and others; to amend the law with respect to children’s homes, community homes, voluntary homes and voluntary organizations; to make provision with respect to fostering, child minding and day care for young children and adoption; and for connected purposes [16^th November 1989] - [www.opsi.gov.uk] Законодательный Акт 1989 г.по реформе детского права

2. the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 - An Act to make provision for preventing crime and disorder; to create certain racially-aggravated offences; to abolish the rebuttable presumption that a child is doli incapax and to make provision as to the effect of a child’s failure to give evidence at his trial; to abolish the death penalty for treason and piracy; to make changes to the criminal justice system; to make further provision for dealing with offenders; to make further provision with respect to remands and committals for trial and the release and recall of prisoners; to amend Chapter I of Part II of the Crime (Sentences) Act 1997 and to repeal Chapter I of Part III of the Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997; to make amendments designed to facilitate, or otherwise desirable in connection with, the consolidation of certain enactments; and for connected purposes [31^st July 1998] [www.opsi.gov.uk]. - Законодательный акт о преступлениях и беспорядках 1998 г. – акт по предотвращению преступной деятельности и беспорядков

3. the Adoption and Children Act (2002) - An Act to restate and amend the law relating to adoption; to make further amendments of the law relating to children; to amend section 93 of the Local Government Act 2000; and for connected purposes [7^th November 2002] [www.opsi.gov.uk] - Законодательный акт по вопросам детей и их усыновлению/удочерению. Акт от 7 ноября 2002 г., в котором был переформулирован и улучшен закон, связанный с усыновлением/удочерением

4. a Practice Direction (February 2000) (Trial of Children and Young Persons in the Crown Court) - 1. This Practice Direction applies to trials of children and young persons in the Crown Court. Effect should be given to it forthwith. In it children and young persons are together called "young defendants".; 2. The steps which should be taken to comply with this Practice Direction should be judged, in any given case, taking account of the age, maturity and development (intellectual and emotional) of the young defendant on trial and all other circumstances of the case.; The overriding principle3. Some young defendants accused of committing serious crimes may be very young and very immature when standing trial in the Crown Court. The purpose of such trial is to determine guilt (if that is in issue) and decide the appropriate sentence if the young defendant pleads guilty or is convicted… [www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk/cms/926.htm]. - Практическое руководство/инструкция (от 16 февраля 2000 г.)

5. a Special Guardianship order - The Adoption and Children Act 2002 introduces a completely new court order, Special Guardianship, intended to provide another option for legal permanence for children who cannot grow up with their birth families. A Special Guardianship Order gives the special guardian legal parental responsibility for the child which is expected to last until the child is 18. But unlike Adoption Orders, these orders do not remove parental responsibility from the child’s birth parents, although their ability to exercise it is extremely limited… [www.baaf.org.uk (British Association for Adoption & Fostering]. - Распоряжение о специальном опекунстве (или специальной опеке) введёно Законодательным актом по вопросам детей и их усыновлению/удочерению от 2002 г. и является совершенно новым судебным распоряжением, нацеленным на предоставление другой возможности для правовой стабильности для детей, которые не могут расти в их родных семьях.

6. the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) - The Crown Prosecution Service was set up in 1986 to prosecute criminal cases investigated by the police in England and Wales. The CPS was created by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985. The CPS exists to ensure that wrongdoers are brought to justice, victims of crime are supported and that people feel safer in their communities. In undertaking this role, the CPS: advises the police on cases for possible prosecution; reviews cases submitted by the police for prosecution; where the decision is to prosecute, determines the charge in all but minor cases; prepares cases for court; presents those cases at court… [www.cps.gov.uk]. - Служба уголовного преследования (правительственное ведомство, основанное в 1885 г. для обеспечения работы директора государственного обвинения; в компетенцию ведомства входят ведение дел по любым уголовным преступлениям за исключением тех, которые попадают под юрисдикцию Бюро по борьбе с мошенничеством в особо крупных размерах).

7. the Child and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS) - CAFCASS was set up on 1^st April 2001 under the provisions of the Criminal Justice and Court Services Act which brought together the family court services previously provided by the Family Court Welfare Service, the Guardian ad Litem Service and the Children’s Division of the Official Solicitor’s Office. They work within the strategic objectives agreed by their sponsor department and contribute to wider government objectives relating to children. CAFCASS is independent of the courts, social services, education and health authorities and all similar agencies. [www.cafcass.gov.uk]. - Служба судебной консультации поддержки по вопросам детей и семьи CAFCASS была основана 1 апреля 2001 г. и является независимой от судов, системы социального обеспечения, властей по вопросам образования и здравоохранения и других подобных агентств.

8. the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) - On 8 July 1884, The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established. Lord Shaftesbury was appointed as president and the Reverend Benjamin Waugh and Reverend Edward Rudolf as joint honorary secretaries. At the 1889 annual general meeting the Society changed its name to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Queen Victoria became Patron and Waugh was appointed as director. The NSPCC was founded in 1884 and its vision is still to end cruelty to children in the UK. The NSPCC has helped more than 10 million children in the UK… [www.nspcc.org.uk]. - Национальное общество по предотвращению жестокости к детям или Национальное общество защиты детей от жестокого обращения 8 июля 1884 г. было основано The London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. На ежегодном общем собрании 1889 г. Общество поменяло название на The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Основной целью Общества до сих пор является прекращение причинения насилия детям.

9. the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) - The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) is a comprehensive, internationally binding agreement on the rights of children, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1989. It incorporates children’s: civil and political rights (like their treatment under the law); social, economic and cultural rights (like an adequate standard of living); and protection rights (from abuse and exploitation). A child is defined in the UNCRC as a person under the age of 18 years [www.childrensrights.ie]. - Конвенция Организации Объединённых Наций по правам ребёнка. Это всеобъемлющее, международное обязательное соглашение по правам детей, принятое Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН в 1989 г. Она объединяет права детей по: гражданским и политическим вопросам (например, как с ними обращаются в соответствии с законом); социальным, экономическим и культурным вопросам (например, отвечающий требованиям стандарт жизни), и правовой защите (от жестокого обращения и эксплуатации). Согласно данной Конвенции, ребёнком является лицо моложе 18 лет.

10. Youth Justice System. The Supervision Order - The following order only applies to those young people who committed an offence before 30 November 2009. It has been replaced by, and is now part of, the Youth Rehabilitation Order. A Supervision Order can last up to three years. A range of conditions can be attached to a Supervision Order when the sentence is used for more serious offences. These are called 'specified activities' and can last for up to 90 days. Examples of 'specified activities' might be participation in Intensive Supervision and Surveillance (ISS), drug treatment (for young people aged 16+), curfews or residence requirements, which might require a young person to live in local authority accommodation for the period of the sentence… [www.yjb.gov.uk/engb/yjs/SentencesOrdersandAgreements].

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