Exercise 33. Open the brackets and translate the sentences

1. This scientist (work, works, doesn’t work) in the field of organic chemistry, he deals with organic compounds. 2. He (take, doesn’t take, will take) part in this work as he has no time. 3. Last year she (uses, used, will use) a new method in her work. 4. He (attends, attend, doesn’t attend) lectures on Sundays. 5. In three days they (did not carry out, will carry out, do not carry out) this interesting work.

Reading Material

Translate the texts

THE AGE OF AUTOMATION

In industry electronics plays the leading role in automation which is generating a second industrial revolution of wider social significance than the first. In the home electronically controlled appliances will replace domestic drudgery and in the office electronic data processing machines will replace mental drudgery.

Automation has been, and still is, a greatly misused word, but its proper meaning, and therefore its implications, is gradually becoming better understood. Well, automation is the concept through which a machine system is operating with maximum efficiency by means of adequate measurements, observation and control of behaviour. It involves a detailed and continuous knowledge of the functioning of the system, so that the best corrective actions can be applied immediately they become necessary. Automation in this true sense is brought about only through a thorough exploitation of its three main elements: communication, computation and control – the three ‘Cs’.

Provided with the assistance of a computer the managers are free to concentrate on making policy decisions and on changing the decision of the computer if they feel the operation does not really make the best sense. Without automation, the manager would have to spend his time making a series of decisions on the basis of very limited information and a great deal of experience. The computer-aided manager is in a completely different position. Before he gets it, and even before he needs it, the information is processed, all action which can be decided by the machine already taken, giving him the important facts in a clear cut form, so that he may sometimes be faced with one, two, or three basic choices. He still has to make his selection of these choices, but he knows, what the choices are, and he knows the consequences of his choices in advance, because the computer allows him to test them. Before he makes his final decision, he will probably ask the computer a question: If I decide to do this instead of that, what will the consequences be? And he may then find, from the answer the computer gives him that he has to refer the problem to his superior for a final decision.

Automation does not in the least replace human decisions on important problems. It makes sure that the people who have to make these decisions have adequate pre-design information to work on. It is not a question of machines replacing men: it is largely a question of extending men's abilities by machines so that in fact they become better, more competent men. If you want to see across the ocean, you must use radar. You cannot see across the ocean with a telescope you have to use the most adequate tools for your purpose; the further you want to see, the more complex your tools have to be.

Notes on the text

drudgery - тяжка, нудна робота; implications – те, що маємо на увазі; decisions - рішення; experience - досвід; is processed - обробляється; clear - cut – у зрозумілому вигляді; choice - вибір, альтернатива; consequences - наслідки; superior - старший начальник.

Завдання до тексту:

1. Дайте відповіді:

What is the role of electronics in industry?

What can a manager do with the help of a computer?

What can help you to see across the ocean?

What are the three 'Cs' of automation?

2. Знайдіть випадки суфіксації та словоскладання в абзацах 1,2,3.

3. Знайдіть та прокоментуйте випадки вживання закінчення ‘s’ в абзаці 4.

4. Знайдіть всі займенники в абзаці 3 та назвіть їх розряд.

5. Де в абзаці 4 вживаються порівняльні конструкції?

6. Випишіть з абзацу 2 всі прикметники та вкажіть в якому ступені порівняння вони вжиті.

DOOMSDAY BOOK

1. When and why will the world end? Will it come because of an earthquake, a giant meteor, environmental destruction or nuclear war? People have always thought that the end of the world is near, especially when the century ended.

2. What is doomsday?

Doomsday is the day when the earth gets destroyed. Some religious people think that it's the day of judgement, others think that a giant meteor will crash into the earth and destroy everything. According to the Bible, there are predictions that the world will end. One group of American Christians predicted the end of the world in 1843.Have people always predicted the end of the world? In the Bible, (Genesis chapter 6), the earth gets destroyed by the great flood. Only Noah's family and the Ark survive. Luckily, the world starts again in Chapter 8.

3. What happened when the world hadn't ended?

When nothing happened in 1843 they said it had made a slight mistake. The end of the world would happen next year in 1844. When the world didn't end for the second time, those people were very upset. They even called that time ‘the great disappointment’.

4. Not many people believe that this will happen. Nostradamus thought that it would end in the year 3797. However, some people are starting to get worried now just like they did more than 1000 years ago. The Church believed that the world was going to end in the year 1000. A lot of people were so worried that they didn't plant any food in the year 999. There was a big famine the next year.

5. In a lot of eastern cultures there doesn't appear to be a belief that the world will end. People think that the world will continue forever. But some western scientists definitely believe that the universe will end in 3 billion years' time.

Notes on the text

doom – загибель, смерть doomsday – рел. день страшного суду to fleе – зникати misery – нещастя the day of judgment – судний день to crash – упасти to predict – предрікати Genesis – б/бл. Книга Буття flood – повінь, потоп Noah – Ной the Ark – ковчег

to survive – вижити slight – незначний disappointment – зневіра damage – пошкодження to lay eggs – нестися to charge – брати ціну authorities – влада suspicious – підозрілий bottom – низ millennium – тисячоліття famine – голод

Завдання до тексту:

1. Дайте відповіді:

What do you think about the end of the world?

How would you pass your last day before the end of the world?

Why was one of group of American Christians disappointed?

Why was there a big famine in the year 1000?

2. Знайдіть і перекладіть речення з конструкцією “there + to be” в абзаці 2.

3. Знайдіть у тексті абзаци, в яких кілька разів вживається,,Future Indefinite”. Перекладіть їх (усно).

4. Прокоментуйте вживання закінчення ‘S’ в абзаці 5.

5. В абзаці 3 знайдіть слово, утворене одночасно за допомогою префікса та суфікса; до якої частини мови воно належить?

attack of the super – heroes

Do you think that Batman, Judge Dredd and all the other super-heroes are just for kids? Hollywood’s movie makers don’t agree with you. Last year Batman Forever took $ 45 million in its first weekend in American cinemas! These days, the super-heroes of the screen mean serious money. So it’s not so surprising that in 1996 our screens will be invaded by comic characters once again. What makes a successful film super-hero? Let’s investigate.

Batman? He’s a man who wears a black one-piece rubber suit with a utility belt. He has no superhuman powers but he’s a millionaire and has his own mansion, cave and rocket-powered car.

Judge Dredd? Well, he’s the one who lives in Mega City One (New York in the future). He’s a cop, judge and executioner with a motorcycle that flies. His first name is Joe but people usually call him ‘Judge’. He never smiles and he doesn’t talk much except for saying his favourite phrase: ‘I am the law’.

Spider-Man? His real name is actually Peter Parker and he’s a chemistry student. He had a nasty accident that made his blood radioactive, giving him special powers. His hobbies are walking on the ceiling and fighting crime. He wears a red and blue suit and he swings around the city on special ‘webs’ (which he makes in the college chemistry laboratory).

If any of these sounds like a joke, don’t laugh too loudly. Hollywood takes these characters very seriously. Batman Forever made an incredible $45 million on its first weekend in the USA. And don’t forget the T-shirts, posters, mugs, CDs and designer jackets that always accompany these films. It’s a successful formula and it’s easy to repeat. There have been three Batman films so far. There are plans for a whole series of Judge Dredd films. Last year we had Tank Girl, The Plantom and the Mighty Morphin Power Rangers.

This year Spider-man will be joined by The Fantastic Four (perhaps with Arnold Schwarzenegger as The Thing!) and The X-Men.

Legal Web

Who’s the man behind the Spider-Man movie? It’s James –Cameron’, the respected director who brought us Terminator 2. He’s been trying to bring Spider-Man to our screens for more than two years. Unfortunately Cameron got tangled-up in a legal dispute with the company who owned the film rights to the character. Now it looks as if Spider-Man is almost free from this legal spider’s web. The script should be finished by March and filming will start as soon as possible.

Comic powers good vs evil!

Spider-Man the movie is already set to be a huge hit. But what makes comic characters so successful on the big screen?

Perhaps the answer is simple. Audiences know the film charac­ters because they’ve already read the comics. Specialist comic shops like London’s Forbidden Planet are open all over Europe. Maybe it’s because of the success of the tele­vision series. But if you want a deeper explanation, serious film critics think –that Hollywood has always loved the struggle between good and evil. Characters in these films are easily identifiable as ‘good­ies’ or ‘baddies’. The plots are ac­tion-packed, simple and full of incredible special effects. The fight between good and evil is as old as Hollywood itself. Just look at the western films of the 1950s and 1960s or cop films like Die Hard. Everybody loves a little fantasy. Super-hero films like Spider-Man offer new chancesfor Hollywood to tell its favourite story one more time.

Дата добавления: 2015-07-18