Читайте также:
|
1) The outstanding Ukrainian scientists are …
2) The Ukrainian Olympic champions are …
3) The most talented and popular Ukrainian composers are …
4) The famous Ukrainian artists are …
5) The prominent Ukrainian writers are …
6) The eminent Ukrainian politicians are …
7) The renowned Ukrainian educationalists are …
(Yana Klochkova, Dmytro Levytsky, Ivan Franko, Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Lesya Ukrainka, Volodymir Vernadsky, Hryhory Skovoroda, Yury and Platon Mayboroda, Lilia Podkopayeva, Anton Makarenko, Ilya Repin, Katya Serebrianska, Ilya Mechnikov, Mykola Lysenko, Marko Vovchok, Leo Landau, Volodymyr Borovykovsky, Yaroslav the Wise, Vasyl Sukhomlynsky)
Read the following words. Pay attention to their pronunciation.
sovereign – суверенний
border – межа
plain – рівнина
peninsula – півострів
powerful – сильний
to connect – з’єднувати
legislative – законодавчий
executive – виконавчий
judicial – судовий
branch – гілка, галузь, влада
to represent – представляти
to appoint – призначати
to approve – схвалювати
majority – більшість
supreme – верховний
trident – тризуб
anthem – гімн
to perish – гинути, вмирати
community – спільнота
to cooperate – співробітничати, взаємодіяти
to participate – брати участь
Match the following English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
I
1) international organizations a) Верховний Суд
2) the world community b) прапор та тризуб
3) foreign policy c) виконавча влада
4) national anthem d) світова спільнота
5) flag and trident e) суверенна держава
6) national symbols f) національний гімн
7) Supreme Court g) судова влада
8) sovereign state h) міжнародні організації
9) legislative branch i) національні символи
10) executive branch j) законодавча влада
11) judicial branch k) зовнішня політика
II
12) a treeless plain l) південно-східна частина
13) the Crimean Peninsula m) найбільші міста
14) the Crimean Mountains n) Карпатські гори
15) on both sides o) Кримські гори
16) a powerful river p) Кримський півострів
17) less important q) безлісна рівнина
18) the biggest cities r) могутня ріка
19) the south-eastern part s) менш важливий
20) the Carpathian Mountains t) з обох сторін
Reading Activities
Read and translate the text:
UKRAINE
Ukraine is a sovereign state whose independence was declared on August 24, 1991. Before that it was one of the 15 republics of the former Soviet Union. Ukraine is situated in the south-eastern part of Central Europe, and it borders on other European countries: Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Moldova and Romania. Its territory is about 600,000 square kilometres. The population is about 46 million people. The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv. Among the biggest cities are Kharkiv, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhya, Donetsk, Odessa and some others.
The territory of Ukraine is mostly a treeless plain, called the steppe. There are the Crimean Mountains in the Crimean Peninsula and the Carpathian Mountains in the west. The main river in the country is the Dnieper which is the third longest in Europe. One of the oldest Ukrainian cities, Kyiv, is situated on both sides of this wide and powerful river. Another Ukrainian river, the Danube, connects Ukraine with 7 European countries. Other less important rivers are the Dniester, the Southern Bug, the Desna, the Pripyat, the Seversky Donets and about 70 thousand small rivers.
The country has a democratic political system. State power in Ukraine is divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative power is represented by Ukraine’s Parliament, called Verhovna Rada. The executive branch consists of the President and the Cabinet of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President and approved by the majority of the Parliament. The judicial power is represented by the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court.
The national symbols of Ukraine are the national blue and yellow flag and the trident. The national anthem is “Shche ne vmerla Ukraina” (“Ukraine has not perished yet”).
The strategic line of Ukraine’s foreign policy is to live in peace with the rest of the world community, to cooperate with other countries and participate in European and world structures through membership in the United Nations Organization and other international political, economic and cultural organizations.
Post-reading Activities
Decide whether the following statements are true or false.
1) Ukraine is an independent country.
2) August 24 is an Independent Day in Ukraine.
3) Ukraine is situated in the south-western part of Central Europe.
4) Ukraine borders on four European countries.
5) The territory of Ukraine is mostly a steppe.
6) There are the Crimean Mountains in the Crimean Peninsula and the Carpathian Mountains in the east.
7) The Dnieper is the longest river in Europe.
8) Kyiv is situated on the right-hand and left-hand banks of the Dnieper.
9) The Dnieper is a wide but not very strong river.
10) The Dniester connects Ukraine with 7 European countries.
11) The legislative power in Ukraine is represented by Verkhovna Rada.
12) The executive branch consists of the President and of the Parliament.
13) The Prime Minister is appointed by the majority of the Parliament.
14) The strategic line of Ukraine’s foreign policy is to avoid the world community.
Match the words with the similar meaning (synonyms).
1) sovereign a) society
2) state b) tendency
3) plain c) chief
4) main d) country
5) powerful e) steppe
6) wide f) independent
7) foreign g) strong
8) community h) to take part
9) trend i) abroad
10) to participate j) broad
Match the words with the opposite meaning (antonyms).
1) border a) south
2) square b) narrow
3) treeless c) centre
4) dependent d) east
5) former e) secondary
6) mountain f) future
7) west g) independent
8) north h) circle
9) main i) woody
10) wide j) plain
4. In each line choose one word that doesn’t belong to the group. Explain your choice. Start your sentences with the phrases:
I’m sure…, In my opinion…, It’s evident that …, It’s true that…, I believe …
1) legislative, executive, supreme, judicial
2) city, centre, town, capital
3) treeless, independent, important, unimportant
4) manifest, longest, biggest, oldest
5) plain, mountain, community, river
6) state, peninsula, country, region
5. Answer the following questions:
1) When was the independence of Ukraine declared?
2) Where is Ukraine situated?
3) What is the territory of Ukraine?
4) What is the population of Ukraine?
5) What is the capital of Ukraine?
6) What are the biggest cities in Ukraine?
7) How many rivers are there in Ukraine?
8) What mountains are there in Ukraine? Where are they situated?
9) Is the legislative power in Ukraine represented by Parliament or by President?
10) Who is the head of the Cabinet of Ministers?
Read and translate the following quotations. Say if you agree or disagree with them. Explain why.
1. Almost everything that is great has been done by youth. (B. Disraeli)
2. No nation was ever ruined by trade. (B. Franklin)
3. Peace cannot be kept by force. It can only be achieved by understanding. (A. Einstein)
4. You can never have a revolution in order to establish democracy. You must have a democracy in order to have a revolution. (G. Chesterton)
5. Even when laws have been written down, they ought not always to remain unaltered. (Aristotle)
6. The execution of the laws is more important than the making them. (T. Jefferson)
Read and translate the following proverbs and sayings. Give their Ukrainian equivalents. Try to memorize them.
1. East or west, home is best.
2. There is no place like home.
3. What belongs to everybody belongs to nobody.
4. Sweep before your own door, and we’ll have a clean city.
5. United we stand, divided we fall.
6. Fear the Greeks bringing the gifts.
8. Make a report on the topic “Ukraine”.
Focus on Grammar
Put the following sentences into negative and interrogative form.
Example: Ukraine became an independent state in 1991.
Did Ukraine become an independent state in 1991?
Ukraine didn’t become an independent state in 1991.
1) The word “Ukraine” originally meant “Borderland”.
2) Kyiv became the capital of Kyivan Rus in the 9th century.
3) The capital of modern Ukraine started to rise on the Dnieper hills.
4) The Dnieper gave food and water to the old settlement.
5) The river flooded the city every year.
6) Kyiv grew larger and larger.
7) The city attracted many people.
8) Yaroslav the Wise ordered many beautiful churches to be built.
9) Bohdan Khmelnitsky played an important part in Ukrainian history.
10) Victor Vasnetsov painted many icons and frescoes for Volodymyr Cathedral.
Open the brackets and put the verbs into Past Simple (consult the table of irregular verbs using the appendix).
1) The Dnieper (to help) in the city’s trade and development, but sometimes it also (to destroy) crops and (to take away) people’s lives.
2) Rich people (to settle) on the hills while common people (to live) in the lower part of the city, which later (to develop) into a busy trading district.
3) The Golden Gates (to be) the entrance to the city in ancient times.
4) The first monks (to settle) in the caves on the left bank of the Dnieper and (to give) the beginning of Kyivo-Pecherska Lavra. It (to be) an outstanding cultural centre where many famous people (to live) and (to work).
5) The first president of Ukraine (to be) Leonid Kravchuk. In 1994 people (to elect) a new president, Leonid Kuchma.
6) The Verhovna Rada (to adopt) the Constitution of Ukraine on June, 28, 1996.
7) Before his death Yaroslav the Wise (to divide) the country between his sons and grandsons.
8) The trident (to be) a mark of authority and a mystic symbol of several ethnic groups which (to inhabit) Ukrainian territory.
9) The famous Ukrainian philosopher Hryhory Skovoroda (to visit) Sumy several times.
10) Bohdan Khmelnitsky (to head) the Ukrainian war of independence.
3. Read and translate the sentences. Put special questions to them beginning with the words What?(Who?) and When?
Example 1: Donetsk was founded in 1869.
What city was founded in 1869?
When was Donetsk founded?
Example 2: The river Kharkiv appeared on the Russian maps in 1627.
What appeared on the Russian maps in 1627?
When did the river Kharkiv appear on the Russian maps?
1) Ukraine got its own anthem in 1949.
2) The new constitution of Ukraine was adopted in 1996.
3) The independence of Ukraine was declared in 1991.
4) In 1999 Poltava celebrated its 1100th birthday.
5) As a town Lviv was first mentioned in 1256.
6) Dniepropetrovsk was founded in 1776.
7) In 1772 Halychina became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
8) The Lviv University was opened in 1784.
9) In 1653 the Zemsky Sobor adopted a decision to reunite Russia and Ukraine.
10) Taras Sevchenko published his first book of poems “Kobzar” in 1840.
Rewrite the sentences, using Present Perfect.
Note: Present Perfect is used 1) for actions which happened at an unstated time in the past (e.g. He has sold his car. – When? We don’t know.)
2) to express actions which have finished so recently that there’s evidence in the present (e.g. He has just painted the room. – The paint is wet.)
3) for actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (e.g. She has lived in this house for two years. – She still lives in this house.)
Use the following adverbs and expressions in the sentences in the Present Perfect Tense: just, ever, never, already, yet, for, since, today, this week/ month/ year, once/ twice/ several times etc.
Example: I am in Poltava now. – I have been to Poltava twice.
1. I live in Ukraine now.
2. I visited Ghernihiv last year.
3. I am watching a new film, “Taras Bulba”.
4. I study the Ukrainian Language and Literature.
5. I finished reading this book yesterday.
6. I am not doing my homework now.
7. We were in the Gorky Park two days ago.
8. They are studying the map of Ukraine now.
9. He showed me two historical monuments yesterday.
10. I don’t like travelling.
5. Put the following sentences in negative and interrogative forms:
Example: I have just finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
Have you finished your homework?
1. I have already posted the letters.
2. They have known Ann since September.
3. She has gone to London.
4. He has just passed his driving test.
5. I have seen this film twice.
6. We have done our work this week.
7. He has been at school for two years already.
8. She has recently got a new job.
9. They have just left.
10. We have been in Rome for three weeks now.
Open the brackets and put the verbs into Past Simple, Present Simple, or Present Perfect.
1) Ukrainian scientists (to make) their contribution into the development of space explorations.
2) Ukrainian industrial enterprises (to produce) planes, turbines, different kinds of machines and equipment.
3) We (to go) to Chernihiv last year.
4) The criminal situation in Ukraine (to change) for the worst recently.
5) Ukrainian sportsmen always (to show) excellent and good results at national, international and world competitions.
6) The first woman writer who (to appear) in Ukrainian literature was Marko Vovchok.
7) Ivan Kotlyarevsky (to turn) ancient Greek characters into Ukrainian Cossacks.
8) Like most European nations Ukraine (to see) the New Year in on December, 31.
9) On Christmas mothers of the family (to cook) a traditional Ukrainian Christmas dish “Kutya”.
10) Most Ukrainian people (to enjoy) holidays both old and new because they are good breaks in everyday work.
Rewrite the sentences into Past Simple. Change the adverbs if necessary (consult the table of irregular verbs using the appendix).
1) The Cossacks defend Ukrainian people and land.
2) Some people buy newspapers and magazines every day.
3) The population of cities constantly grows.
4) Many people like to go to church to listen to Christmas sermons.
5) All the main rivers of Ukraine are full of fish but they suffer from pollution.
6) In his work “The Kaidash Family” the novelist Ivan Netchuy-Levytsky draws the true picture of the village life.
7) Millions of people all over the world watch the Olympic events on TV.
8) Different literary movements quickly change each other.
9) Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian form the East Slavic group of languages.
10) The key figure of the Ukrainian music is Mykola Lysenko.
Use the verbs in brackets in Past Perfect.
Note: Past Perfect is used for a past action which happened before another past action or before a stated past time.
Example: When I got home she already (to leave).
When I got home she had already left by 8 o’clock.
1) He said he (to be) to Kyiv several times.
2) She said she (to buy) a new book about Sukhomlynsky.
3) Ann was sad because she (to fail) the test.
4) She (to live) in Odessa for 10 years before she decided to move to Kyiv.
5) Alan explained to me why he (not to learn) the poem.
6) He asked me where she (to go).
7) They wanted to know where I (to stay) in Donetsk.
8) She asked me if I (to visit) Kyivo-Pecherska Lavra.
9) We didn’t know then who (to destroy) the ancient fortress.
10) By the 18th century the city (to become) a trading centre.
Put the articles where necessary.
Note: 1) the names of oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, mountains take the definite article the;
2) the names of countries and cities are used without any article;
3) the names of theatres, museums, picture galleries and cinemas are used with the definite article the.
1) __ Kharkiv is the second largest city of __ Ukraine after __ Kyiv.
2) The National Symbols of the country are __ National Flag, __ National Emblem and __ National Anthem.
3) __ Ukraine borders on several European countries: __ Russia, __ Belarus, __ Poland, __ Slovakia, __ Hungary, __ Moldova and __ Romania.
4) The main river in our country is __ Dnieper. Other less important rivers are __ Dniester, __ Desna, __ Southern Buh and __ Seversky Donets.
5) There are __ Crimean Mountains in __ Crimean Peninsular and __ Carpathian Mountains in the west of the country.
6) The water boundary of __ Ukraine is __ Black Sea and __ Azov Sea.
7) There are four oceans: __ Arctic, __ Atlantic, __ Pacific, and __ Indian Ocean.
8) Museum lovers will find hundreds of beautiful exhibits in __ Museum of Ukrainian Fine Arts, __ Russian Arts Museum and __ History Museum.
9) Theatre-goers appreciate __ Taras Shevchenko National Opera and Ballet House, __ Ivan Franko Ukrainian Drama Theatre, __ Tchaikovsky Conservatory and __ Musical Drama Theatre.
10) During __ Great Patriotic War __ Ukraine and its citizens suffered greatly.
Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative and superlative forms of adjectives.
1) (big) seaport in Ukraine is Odesa.
2) The territory of Ukraine is (large) than Great Britain but considerably (small) than Russia.
3) The population of our country is (little) than the population of Great Britain.
4) The Crimean Mountains are (old) than the Alps.
5) (thick) forests in Ukraine can be found in Volyn.
6) The Azov Sea is (small) than the Black Sea.
7) The Dnieper is the third (long) river in Europe.
8) Poltava is one of (old) cities.
9) The Seversky Donets and the Prypyat are (little) important rivers than the Dniester.
10) Lviv is one of (beautiful) cities in Ukraine.
Fill in the blanks as in the example.
Example: The Black Sea is as big as the Caspian Sea.
The Azov Sea is not so big as the Black Sea.
1) The Crimean Mountains are __ high __ the Caucasus.
2) The territory of Ukraine is __ large __ France.
3) Poltava is __ big __ Donetsk.
4) Weather in Ukraine is __ wet __ in Great Britain.
5) Kharkiv is __ old __ Poltava.
6) The development of industry and technology is __ important __ crop production.
7) Halloween is __ popular in Ukraine __ in Britain.
8) The Ukrainian nation is __ famous for its musicality __ the Italian one.
9) Kyiv is __ old __ London.
10) Hydro-electric plant is __ dangerous __ nuclear power station.
Translate into English.
1) У 1919 році столицею України став Харків. Київ є столицею країни з 1934 року.
2) Національними символами кожної країни є прапор, герб і гімн. Прапор України жовто-блакитного кольору. Блакитний колір символізує небо, річки, моря, гори, жовтий – сонце та золоті українські лани.
3) Вірш Павла Чубинського, який пізніше став гімном України, вперше був опублікований у 1863 році.
4) Становлення Київської держави почалось у середині IX століття. У 988 році князь Володимир прийняв християнство як державну релігію.
5) Державною мовою України є українська мова. Вона належить до східнослов’янської мовної групи.
6) У ранній поезії Тараса Шевченка відображено сумні й тяжкі часи української історії.
7) В Україні аматорське мистецтво настільки ж популярне, наскільки й професійне.
8) Народна українська музика має давні культурні традиції.
9) В Україні є шість оперних театрів, численні симфонічні оркестри, академічні й народні хори, тощо.
10) Стрімке зростання промислового та хімічного виробництва у ХХ столітті спричинило збільшення негативного впливу на навколишнє середовище України.
English in Use
Invitations, requests, suggestions
Invitations
1. Read and act out the dialogues:
a) Pat: Hello, Mary. How are you?
Mary: Fine, thanks. And you?
Pat: I’m fine. Let’s go to the cinema today.
Mary: Yes, all right. See you. Bye.
Pat: Bye, Mary.
b) Mark: Hello, Jane. It’s Mark.
Jane: Oh, hello, Mark. Glad to hear you.
Mark: How about going to the club tonight?
Jane: Oh, sorry, Mark. I’m busy. Let’s go tomorrow.
Mark: Agreed. See you, Jane.
Jane: Bye, Mark.
2. Study the following table:
| Invitations | Replies |
| Come and see me. I invite you to my place. I'd very much like to see you all at …I'd like to welcome all of you… May I invite you...Let's go...How about going there together? I'd like the two of us to go... Come to see us. You're always welcome. Come again. You're always welcome. Look in...Drop by/round... I'll be happy to see you any time you can make it.Let's go...Will you be coming?Shall I expect you? | Thank you. With pleasure. Of course I'll come. With the greatest of pleasure. Gladly. Willingly! I have no objection. I don't mind. I have nothing against it.Yes. All right. OK. I'm all for. All right. Let's. Agreed. Settled. Perhaps. Very likely. Why not? Quite possible. Not unlikely. Most probably.Don't know. /Not sure. /Can't say. Not sure I'll be able to. I can't promise you anything definite. |
3. Work in pairs. Using the table above make up short dialogues and act them out.
Prompts: to the cinema/pictures, to the theatre, to the birthday party, to the country house, to your place, to the museum, to the countryside, to picnic, to the club, to the park, to the Zoo, to go shopping, to the library, to go for a walk.
Requests
4. Read and act out the dialogues:
a) – Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the time?
– Certainly. It’s half past ten.
– Thank you.
– You’re welcome.
b) – Excuse me, would you show me the way to the underground station near here?
– I wish I could, but I’m a stranger here.
5. Study the following table:
| Requests | Agreement | Rejection |
| Could I ask you to….? May I ask you to…? Would you please do..? Could you possibly...? I'd be much obliged if... Will you turn off the radio, please? Can/Could I ask you for...? May I ask you for...? Would you mind if I ask(ed) for..? Would it be all right if I asked you to do...? Would you shut the window, please? Could I ask you to keep quiet, please! | Certainly. Most certainly. Sure. Of course. Naturally. Willingly. With pleasure. All right. Right. OK. Here you are. Very well. / All right./ Good./ Right. Right away. I will (go there). I will (bring it). I will (do it). Very well, then. I'll have to. Oh yes! | (I'm) sorry. I'm afraid... Unfortunately... I'm sorry but I can't. I'm very busy at the moment. I'd be delighted..., but I can't. With pleasure..., but I can't. I hate to say "no" but... I'd like to, but... I'm sorry but... I wish I could, but... No, you can't/ mustn't. It is prohibited. No, you can't/mustn't.It is impossible. It is prohibited. |
6. Respond to the following requests:
a) - Could we fix the time of the meeting now?
-
b) - Could you remind me about it tomorrow?
-
c) - Shall I produce my documents?
-
d) - Must we start doing the work now?
-
e) - May I ask you to close the door?
-
f) - Would you mind turning on the light?
-
g) - I wonder if you could tell me the way to the stadium.
-
h) - Shall I go shopping at once?
-
7. Work in pairs. Using the table above make up short dialogues and act them.
Suggestions
8. Read and act out the dialogues:
a) – Hello. Could I speak to Peter, please?
– Certainly, just a moment.
– Hello, Peter’s speaking.
– Hello, it’s Mike here. Let’s go to the concert tonight.
– Good idea. Where shall we meet?
– Let’s meet near the concert hall.
– OK. What time?
– At a quarter to seven.
– Fine. I will come in time.
– See you later then.
– Bye.
b) – What’s the matter with you? You seem to be ill.
– I’ve got toothache.
– Then you should go to the dentist immediately.
– I’m afraid I have to.
9. Study the following table:
| Suggestions | Replies |
| I (would) advise / recommend you to …You should / ought to … I suggest / advise (that) you (should) do smth. I think / believe you should do smth. I insist (that) you (should)... You'd better do smth. I strongly advise you to do smth. Let me give you a word of advice. Perhaps you should do smth. It would be necessary for you... | I'll think it over.I'll give it a think. I'll try. I'll do my best. I'll try.Thank you for advising me. Thanks for your advice. Thanks. |
10. Respond to the following suggestions:
a) - Let’s go skiing this weekend, shall we?
-
b) - It would be necessary for you to study this book.
-
c) - I strongly advise you to see the doctor.
-
d) - You’d better find another job.
-
e) - I think you should take part in the students’ conference.
-
11. Work in pairs. Using the tables (EX.2, 5,9) make up short dialogues and act them out.
KHARKIV
Pre-reading Activities
Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1) a horn of plenty a) ліга, союз
2) a wand b) спадщина
3) an inheritance c) меморіальна квартира
4) a memorial flat d) пам’ятна дошка пошани
5) a deed e) ріг статку
6) a higher educational establishment f) добровільна основа
7) a memorable board of honour g) бути зобов’язаним
8) a league h) спільне підприємство
9) a voluntary basis i) внз
10) a joint venture j) жезл
11) a private enterprise k) подвиг
12) monumental architecture l) монументальна архітектура
13)to carry out m) координувати
14) to entwine n) брати участь
15) to hold o) звертати увагу на будь-що
16) to owe p) робити, виконувати
17) to coordinate q) утримувати, займати
18) to participate r) обвивати
19) to pay attention (to) s) приватне підприємство
Reading Activities
Read and translate the text:
MODERN KHARKIV
Kharkiv is situated in the north-eastern part of Ukraine. The area of the city is about 500 square kilometers and the population is about 2 million people. Main rivers of the city are the Kharkiv, the Lopan, the Udy, and the Nemyshlia.
Kharkiv is an important administrative centre that coordinates the activity of several region centres. It has its own city emblem – the Horn of Plenty with fruit and flowers in it and the Mercury Wand entwined by silvery snakes.
The city is divided into 9 administrative districts: Dzerzhynsky, Kyivsky, Moskovsky, Frunzensky, Kominternivsky, Chervonozavodsky, Zhovtnevy, Ordzhonikydzevsky and Leninsky districts.
Kharkiv is one of historic cities of Ukraine. It was founded in 1654 as a fortress and now it is more than 350 years old. It’s a member of the League of Historic Cities. The historical inheritance of the city contains a large number of monuments from different centuries. The city is especially rich in architectural places of interest of the 19th – 20th centuries, but there are also outstanding buildings of an earlier period (Pokrovsky and Uspensky Cathedrals, the old building of the University etc). As for the monumental architecture, one of the best monuments is to T.G. Shevchenko.
Kharkiv is the city of science and students. There are over 30 institutions of higher education in the city. The most prestigious higher educational establishments are Kharkiv V.N.Karazin National University, Kharkiv G.S.Skovoroda National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv National Polytechnic University, Kharkiv Aviation University, Kharkiv University of Radio-Electronics and many others.
Life and activity of many remarkable Ukrainian and Russian scholars, scientists and artists (G. Skovoroda, P. Hulak-Artemovsky, Kh. Alchevska, A. Makarenko, D. Mechnikov, M. Ostrogradsky, V. Steklov, M. Beketov, D. Bagaly, O. Poteybnya) are connected with Kharkiv. There are memorial apartments, a lot of buildings have memorable boards in their honour.
Kharkiv is the city of art, literature and music. There are 6 theatres, over 15 cinemas, a circus, a Philharmonic Society, a lot of Palaces and Houses of Culture, concert halls, libraries and numerous art galleries. There are seven state museums in Kharkiv: the Historical Museum, the Museum of Art, the Museum of Nature, the Museum of Literature and others. Several museums were founded on the voluntary basis. Libraries, as well as other book and archive collections, are considered to be cultural inheritance of the city. The biggest libraries are V.G.Korolenko Fundamental Library and the Library of Kharkiv National University.
There are many gardens and parks in Kharkiv. The most popular ones are the University Botanical Gardens, Lesopark, the Gorky Park, the Shevchenko Gardens and the Memorial of Glory.
Taking into account the number of monuments and places of interest Kharkiv holds the second place in Ukraine after Kyiv.
Kharkiv has certain charm, which it owes to its people and their deeds.
A number of outstanding inventions were made here. The beginning of nuclear era took place here in 1932 with the splitting of the nucleus at Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology. The legendary T-34, the best tank of World War II, was designed in Kharkiv. The Kharkovites developed cryogenic medicine and carried out microbiology studies pioneered by the Nobel Prize winner I.Mechnikov who discovered the mechanism of immunity.
In the years of Ukraine’s independence the Kharkovites have given rise to the creation of private enterprises, small and medium businesses and joint ventures.
Kharkiv is the city which is open to the world. It became the sister city of Cincinnati, Nuremberg, Lil, Bologna, Poznan and other cities of the world.
Post-reading Activities
1. Answer the questions:
1. Where is Kharkiv situated?
2. What area does Kharkiv occupy?
3. What is its population?
4. Which are the main rivers of the city?
5. Has Kharkiv got its own emblem? Can you describe it?
6. How many administrative districts are there in Kharkiv?
7. Which are the most famous Kharkiv libraries?
8. Are there many higher educational establishments in the city?
9. What are the Kharkovites proud of?
10. What makes Kharkiv different from other cities?
11. Which places of interest in the city impress you most of all? Why?
13. Can you compare Kharkiv with the place where you live?
14. If you are a citizen of Kharkiv, speak about the things you like about your home city, what you dislike and would prefer to change.
15. Is Kharkiv more known as a research centre, as a cultural centre or as an industrial centre? Ground your opinion.
2. Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
1. Kharkiv region borders on Moldova.
2. Ukrainian Cossacks founded Kharkiv in 1654.
3. Kharkiv is located in the south-eastern part of Ukraine.
4. Our city is situated at the junction of 2 rivers.
5. Kharkiv is a centre of Ukrainian mining.
6. The first Kharkiv church was Pokrovsky Cathedral.
7. Kharkiv was finally liberated on 23 August 1943.
8. There are 6 theatres in Kharkiv.
9. Kharkiv was founded as a fortress.
10. Kharkiv celebrated its 350th anniversary in 2004.
11. Sumska Street is the main street of the city.
3. Translate the given words and phrases into English:
історична спадщина, адміністративний центр, обласний центр, історичне місто, музей природи, видатний вчений, популярний парк, шарм, незалежність, малий і середній бізнес, харків'янин, місто-побратим.
4. Translate the given sentences into English:
1. Харків розташований на північному сході України.
2. Харків – важливий адміністративний центр України.
3. Емблема міста – ріг статку, наповнений фруктами та квітами й оповитий двома срібними зміями.
4. Харків – місто мистецтва й науки.
5. У Харкові багато визначних архітектурних пам’яток і пам’ятників, палаців культури, театрів і музеїв, концертних залів і бібліотек.
6. Багато відомих учених й митців жили й працювали в Харкові.
7. У Харкова багато міст-побратимів у світі.
8. Харків’яни пишаються своїм містом.
5. Fill in the gaps in the following text with a suitable word:
greenery guests leaders tourists
turns out tourism trips industrial
sights squares opportunities
The truth is that Kharkiv is not much of a ________ city and can not compete with such ________ of world ________ as Venice, Rome or Saint Petersburg. Kharkiv is one of the largest scientific, ________ and commercial centres of Ukraine. At the same time all ________ and visitors who come to our city on business _______ say they like it here. They admit that the city has beautiful parks, _______ and gardens and that it has a lot of _______.
Moreover, it ________ that there are ________ worth looking at in Kharkiv. And in general we have a lot of sightseeing _________.
6. Match the following words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. a cathedral a) монумент
2. a church b) військо
3. a bell tower c) щогодини
4. valuable d) ушкодити
5. to commemorate e) камерний
6. architecture f) дзвіниця
7. a dome g) церква
8. a monument h) видатний
9. to damage i) храм
10. restoration j) собор
11. a temple k) установити, встановити
12. troops l) увічнити
13. hourly m) коштовний
14. to install n) архітектура
15. outstanding o) купол
16. chamber p) відбудова
Read the following text and try to understand its general meaning.
Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 177 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| Модель Дондерса. Демонстрация механизма внешнего дыхания | | | THE POKROVSKY AND USPENSKY CATHEDRALS |