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The Pokrovsky Cathedral is the oldest city building. It was built in 1689. It is located close to the Constitution Square and is a valuable monument of the Ukrainian architecture of the second half of the 17th century. This is a typical Ukrainian three-domed church. The cathedral was damaged in the years of the Second World War. The restoration of the cathedral began in early 1990s and it is an acting orthodox temple.
The Uspensky Cathedral is situated at the central part of the University Hills. It was built in 1771–1777 in the style of Russian Baroque. To commemorate the victory of Russian troops over Napoleon, the architect Y.Vasilyev designed a new bell tower built in 1821–1844. This is one of the highest buildings in Kharkiv rising 89.5 metres tall. The gold-domed bell tower has a chiming clock, which melodious signal is heard hourly over the city.
An organ has been installed in the cathedral and now it is also known as an Organ Music Hall, hosting prominent Kharkiv and guest performers of chamber and organ music.
8. Match the following words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. a theatre a) увічнити
2. a bar b) мальовничий
3. location c) підвісний
4. recreation d) канатний
5. facility e) джерело, ключ
6. cable f) відпочинок, розвага
7. a spring g) дозвілля
8. picturesque h) місцеперебування
9. to commemorate i) послуга
10. aerial j) театр
11. leisure k) їдальня; бар
Read and translate the following text.
THE MIRROR STREAM FOUNTAIN AND AERIAL CABLEWAY
The Mirror Stream Fountain was built in 1947 to commemorate the victory in the Second World War. It is located at Sumska Street, just opposite the Opera and Ballet House. It is situated in a small but a very picturesque garden good for sitting on a bench and looking at people passing by.
You can take an aerial cable car to get from Otakara Yarosha Street near the spring to the Sumska Street near the Central Park of Culture and Recreation named after O.M.Gorky. The Gorky Park is a very popular location for recreation of Kharkivites. The park is about a hundred years old. It has all the facilities for recreation and leisure: an open-air theatre, a movie theatre under the name ”Park”, a library, a reading room, concert arenas and dance pavilions, tennis courts, attractions, cafes, bars, snack bars and much more.
10. Translate the given words and phrases into English:
сад, парк культури та відпочинку, літній театр, дзеркальний струмінь, читальний зал, концертна площадка, закусочна, літній концертний або танцювальний зал, канатна дорога, атракціон.
11. Match the following words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
1. an enthusiast a) вагон
2. to drive b) з’єднувати
3. an adult c) колишній
4. a carriage d) діючий
5. a guest e) просторий, вільний
6. a switchman f) дорослий
7. annually g) святкувати
8. spacious h) річниця
9. a train attendant i) шанувальник
10. operational j) управляти
11. to celebrate k) провідник
12. to connect l) стрілочник
13. anniversary m) гість
14. former n) щорічно
Fill in the gaps with the prepositions.
SMALL SOUTHERN CHILDREN’S RAILROAD
The Small Southern Children’s Railroad is 3.6 kilometers long and connects the Gorky Park ____ the Forest Park.
There were ____ 40 children’s railroads in the former USSR. Few of them are still operational.
Carriages ____ the children’s railroad are relatively spacious and there is enough space inside both for children and adults.
The Small Southern Children’s Railroad is one ____ the oldest; it celebrated its 60th anniversary ___ November 2000. From May through November, young railroad enthusiasts and students of Kharkiv schools come here to acquire knowledge and practical skills ____ this industry. They drive locomotives, work as train attendants, switchmen, and yard masters. The Small Southern rolling stock consists ____ Diesel locomotives, ____ fifteen passenger carriages, and two steam locomotives in honorary ‘retirement’. The children’s railroad is very popular ___ the Kharkivites and guests and has _____ 20,000 to 30,000 visitors annually.
13. Translate the given words and phrases into English:
практичний досвід, рухомий склад, тепловоз, паровоз, почесна пенсія, локомотив, відвідувач, відносно просторий, пасажирський, галузь, залізниця, працювати стрілочником, простір, здобувати знання.
14. Try to guess the meaning of the following English words by their definitions:
1. a railroad a) a self-propelled engine driven by steam,
electricity, or diesel power and used
for drawing trains along railway tracks;
2. a carriage b) a person employed to assist, guide,
or provide a service for others, especially for
the general public;
3. to drive c) a railway coach for passengers
4. a locomotive to control and guide the movement of
a vehicle;
5. an attendant d) a permanent track composed of a line of
parallel metal rails fixed to sleepers for
transporting passengers and goods in trains
15. Make a report on the topic “Kharkiv”.
Focus on Grammar
1. Fill in “there is”, “there are”, “is there” or “are there”.
Example: There are many gardens and parks in Kharkiv.
1) ………. the biggest square of Europe in Kharkiv.
2) ………… any state museums in the city?
3) How many theatres ……….. in Kharkiv?
4) ………….. a Philharmonic Society in the city?
5) …………… many libraries in our city.
6) ……………any institutions of higher education in Kharkiv?
7) How many state museums …………… in our city?
8) ……………. a circus in the city?
9) ……………. over 15 cinemas in Kharkiv.
10) ……………. any concert halls in the city?
2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of to be going to.
Example: He is going to Moscow next week.
1) We ……….. to the Historical Museum tomorrow.
2) He ………… to the library in the afternoon.
3) ….. you ……… to my place tonight?
4) She ……….. to enter Kharkiv G.S.Skovoroda National Pedagogical University.
5) Where……. they ……. to meet?
6) We (not) …………. to the Gorky Park.
7) The tourists ………… to visit the Museum of Art.
8) We …………… to meet at the Pokrovsky Cathedral tomorrow.
9) I ……………. to take my children to the Small Southern Children’s Railroad.
10) She (not) ……….. to the Museum of Nature on Sunday.
3. In pairs ask and answer the following questions using I (don’t) think/expect I will or I hope/’m sure/’m afraid I will/won’t.
Example: Do you think you will pass your exams?
I hope I will/I’m afraid I won’t.
1. move/houses
2. take up/new hobby
3. make new/friends
4. start having/new hobby
5. have/party on/birthday
6. learn/drive
7. enter/the University
4.Underline the correct form of the verb.
Example: Tom isn’t free on Sunday. He will work/ is working.
1. I will go/am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come with?
2. My uncle has bought bricks. He will build/is going to build a house
3. It will probably rain/is probably going to rain tomorrow.
4. I’m sure Tom will get/is going to get the job. He has a lot of experience.
5. I can’t meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come/is coming to see me.
6. A: Have you decided where to go for holidays yet?
B: Yes, we will go/are going to Italy.
7. Don’t worry about the dog. It won’t hurt/isn’t hurting you.
8. It’s Julia’s birthday today. She’s bought much food. She will cook/is going to cook a lot.
Example A: Why are you buying flour and eggs?
B: Because I’m going to make (make) a cake.
1. A: I have decided what to buy Mum for her birthday.
B: Really. What …………… (you/buy) for her?
2. A: Did you invite Jackie to the party?
B: Oh no! I forgot! I …………… (do) it tonight.
3. A: Could I speak to John, please?
B: Wait a minute. I ………. (get) him for you.
4. A: What are your plans for the weekend?
B: I ………… (spend) some time with my family.
5. A: What are you doing on Saturday night?
B: Oh, I ………………. (probably/stay) at home.
6. A: Have you cleaned your room yet?
B: No, but I promise I …….. (do) it this afternoon.
7. A: Look at that boy!
B: Oh, yes! He ………. (climb) the tree.
8. A: Jason is very clever for his age.
B: Yes. He says he …………. (become) a doctor.
10 A: I’m too tired to cut the grass.
B: Don’t worry! I …….. (cut) it for you.
Example: short …shorter …the shortest
1. thin ……… ………..
2. heavy ……. ……….
3. famous …….. ……….
4. old ……….. …………
5. long ………… …………
6. small………. …………
7. friendly……. …………
8. interesting …. ………..
9. careful …….. ……….
10. popular…… ………..
Example: The red dress is …the most expensive … of all. (expensive)
1. The clown with the red nose is ……….. than the other clown. (funny)
2. John is …………… than Jim. (tall)
3. A horse is ………….. than a dog. (big)
4. Tina is ………………. than her brother. (short)
5. George is …………….than James. (fat)
6. Sally is ……………… girl in the class. (beautiful)
7. A mouse is …………….than a cat. (small)
8. Bert is ………………. of all. (tall)
9. The red T-shirt is ………….. of all. (expensive)
10. David is ……………… than Tom. (young)
Example: It’s a very nice room. It’s …the nicest room… in the hotel.
1. This cathedral is very old. It’s ………….. in Kharkiv.
2. This square is very big. It’s ………………in Europe.
3. It’s a very expensive restaurant. It’s ………….. in the city.
4. This cinema is very popular. It’s …………….. in Kharkiv.
In the following sentences use one of the + superlative.
Example: It’s a very nice room. It’s… one of the nicest rooms… in the hotel.
5. Kharkiv is a very big city. It’s ……………. in Ukraine.
6. Our city is an important administrative centre. It’s ………………………… in Ukraine.
7. Kharkiv G.S.Skovoroda National Pedagogical University is a very prestigious higher educational establishment. It’s ……………………………. in our city.
8. It’s a very old castle. It’s ………………………. in Ukraine.
Example: (what/large/city/your country?)What…is the largest city in your country?
1. (what/old/building/your city) What………………………your city?
2. (who/famous/singer/your country) Who ………………..your country?
3. (what/prestigious/higher/educational/establishment/Kharkiv) What………………………………………Kharkiv?
4. (what/popular sport/Ukraine) What …………………….Ukraine?
5. (what/big square/Kharkiv) What …………………Kharkiv?
6. (what/popular cinema/your city) What ……………………your city?
7. (what/beautiful parks/Kharkiv) What …………………….Kharkiv?
8. (who/intelligent person/you know) Who …………………….you know?
9. (what/expensive thing/you ever bought) What ………………………..you’ve ever bought?
10. (what/happy day/your life) What …………………….. in your life?
10. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of will or to be going to and the verb in brackets.
Example: I hope pollution levels … will drop…soon. (drop)
1. It’s late. I think I……… a taxi. (take)
2. ……..Tom ……… us tonight. (visit)
3. He ……….. fourteen next year. (be)
4. Look at the clouds! It………..(rain)
5. The phone is ringing. I ……… (answer)
6. He ……….. for his father when he leaves school. (work)
7. I’m sure we ………… his party. (enjoy)
8. Where you ………………? (meet)
9. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It ………… (sink)
10. Who ……… you ……… to the party? (invite)
English in Use
ASKING THE WAY AND GIVING DIRECTIONS
1. Read the following expressions. Try to remember the new ones:
Excuse me, (can/could) you tell me the way to..., please?
Excuse me, (can/could) you help me to find…?
Excuse me, (can/could) you tell me how to get to…, please?
Excuse me, I’m looking for...
How long does it take (on foot/by car)?
Where is the nearest…?
Is it far from here?
I’ve lost my way. I can’t find …
I didn’t understand. Please, tell me (explain it) again.
Please, draw me a plan of the way.
Please, show me this place on the map.
Go straight (down/along) this road (as far as/past/to) the bank.
Take the (first/second/third) turning on the (right/left).
Turn (left/right) (at/after) the bus station.
(Carry on/keep) going until you get to …
Go straight on.
2. Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps using the expressions given above:
Tom: Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me the … to the post office, please?
Man: Yes. Well … along Loring Road until you get to Park Avenue. … left and go … on until you get to Cross Street.
Tom: Okay.
Man: Then … left into Cross Street and … past the supermarket which is … your left. Cross Mill Street and … going. You’ll see a hotel on one corner, and opposite the hotel is a newsagent’s. The post office is next to the newsagent’s. You can’t miss it.
Tom: Thanks very much.
3. Look at the street map. Imagine you are standing at the point marked with a cross. Where do these directions take you?
Castle railway station
___________________________________________
________________ ___________________
Grand Hotel
Tourist Information
Theatre Centre
_______________ ____________________
_______________ ____________________
Bus station hospital
Police station swimming-pool
_______________ _____________________
_______________ ______________________
Museum cathedral cinema
Bank
Post office shopping centre
_______________ ______________________
_______________ ______________________
X
1. Go straight down the road, take the second turning on the left, and it’s on the right.
2. Go along this road, take the third turning on the right, and it’s on the right.
3. Keep straight on until you get to the end of the road, and then turn left, and it’s on the right.
4. Go down as far as the cinema, then turn right, and it’s on the left.
5. Keep straight on, past the cathedral, and then turn left at the bus station, and it’s on the right.
4. You are at the Tourist Information Centre. Working in pairs, use the map to ask each other the way to:
the post office
the castle
the bank
the museum
the Grand Hotel
the railway station
the swimming-pool
Example:
A Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the post office, please?
B Certainly. Turn left, then take the third turning on the right.
5.Fill in the gaps with the following prepositions:
along down into out of over
past through under up
Robert’s driving lesson
Robert drove __________ the garage, _________ the road, and ________the bridge.
Then he drove __________the pub, _________the hill, and _________ the hill.
Next he drove __________the river, _________the hedge, and ________the lake!
6.Work in pairs:
Student A
Think of a place near your university. Give your partner directions, but don’t say what the place is.
Student B
Listen to the directions. What is this place?
GREAT BRITAIN
PART I
Pre-reading Activities
Read the following international words paying attention to their pronunciation. Try to guess their meanings. Check your variant of their meanings consulting the dictionary.
Atlantic Ocean [ə t ΄ l æ n t ı k ΄ o u ∫ ə n]
climate [΄ k l a ı m i t]
mineral resources [΄ m ı n ə r ə l r ı ΄ s): s ı z]
chemical industry [΄ k e m ı k ə l ΄ ı n d ə s t r ı]
textile industry [΄ t e k s t a ı l ΄ ı n d ə s t r ı]
financial [f a ı ΄ n æ n ∫ ə l]
official [ə ΄ f ı ∫ ə l]
parliamentary monarchy [p a: l ə ΄ m e n t ə r ı ΄ m) n ə k ı]
colonial [k ə ΄ l o u n j ə l]
Prime Minister [p r a ı m ΄ m ı n ı s t ə]
Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. numerous lakes a) високі гори
2. rare frosts b) рівнини
3. well-known с) численні озера
4. valleys d) по всьому світу
5. all over the world e) рідкі морози
6. high mountains f) добре знані
7. deposits g) поклади корисних копалин
8. coal h) королева
9. state, power i) вугілля
10. queen j) держава
3. Pay attention to the following synonyms:
– to consist of – to be made up of – to comprise – to compose of– складатися з, охоплювати;
– to lie – to be situated – to be found – знаходитися;
– a lot of – many, much – багато;
– official – formal – офіційний
Read and memorize the following words and word-combinations.
an island, an isle – острів
total area – загальна площа
to separate – відокремлювати
to wash – омивати
a surface – зовнішня поверхня
to vary – варіюватися
to represent – представляти
the Commonwealth – Співдружність (політико-економічне об’єднання)
changeable – мінливий
real power – реальна влада
the highest legislative body – вищий законодавчий орган
governing party – правляча партія
to be a highly developed country – бути високорозвиненою країною
to belong – належати
a scientist – вчений, науковець
Reading Activities
Read the following text and try to understand its general meaning:
GREAT BRITAIN
Great Britain lies on the British Isles to the north-west of the continent of Europe. The total area of Great Britain is 244 thousand square kilometers. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Par de Calais). It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea and the North Sea.
The surface of Great Britain varies very much. There are valleys, mountains, plains, numerous lakes and rivers, a lot of woods and forests. The climate is mild and damp. This is because of the winds that blow from the ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf-Stream. Summers are cool and rainy. Winters are not cold with rare frosts and snow. In general, the weather is rather changeable.
Great Britain is not rich in mineral resources, but it has deposits of coal and oil. It is a highly developed industrial country. Shipbuilding, machine-building, chemical and textile industries are developed there. For a long time Great Britain has been a great colonial power.
The total population of Great Britain is about 60 million. English is the official language. The capital of Great Britain is London. London is traditionally divided into four main parts: Westminster, the City, the West End and the East End. It is situated on the river Thames in the south-east of England. It is Britain’s greatest financial, commercial, business and cultural centre. Great Britain has a lot of big cities such as Liverpool, Birmingham, Glasgow, Bristol and others.
The names of such famous English scientists as Newton, Faradei, Darwin, writers and poets as Shakespeare, Byron, Dickens, Show and many others are well-known all over the world.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the king or the queen. However the real power belongs to the British Parliament – the highest legislative body. The Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are two main governing political parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The Prime Minister heads the governing party. Kharkiv has a sister-city in Great Britain. It is Leeds.
It’s interesting to know:
– Do you know that there are some English variants of translation for Ukrainian „місто-побратим”? They are: fraternal city, sister-city and twin-city.
– Windsor [wı n z ə] is the surname of the royal family of Britain. Elizabeth II became queen in 1952 at the age of 26. Queen Elizabeth II has got four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward. One day Charles is going to be King Charles III, surname Windsor. The Queen is one of the richest women in the world, Buckingham Palace is her London home. The Queen is also Head of the Commonwealth countries.
Post-reading Activities
1. Comprehension check. Are these statements true or false? Correct the false ones.
True False
1. Great Britain is an island state.
2. Great Britain is separated from the continent by
the North Channel.
3. Great Britain consists of England, Wales and Scotland
4. The population of Great Britain is less than 50 million.
5. Weather conditions in Great Britain change frequently.
6. The capital of Great Britain is Leeds.
7. Great Britain is an agricultural country.
8. The head of the state is the queen.
9. Cardiff is the capital of Scotland.
10. Dickens is a famous scientist.
Answer the questions comparing information about Great Britain with the information about Ukraine.
1. Which seas is Great Britain washed by?
2. What is the highest legislative body in Great Britain?
3. What industries are developed in Great Britain?
4. What is the population of Great Britain?
5. What is the surface of Great Britain?
6. Why is the climate of Great Britain mild and damp?
7. What are the main parts Great Britain is made up of?
8. What is the official language of Great Britain?
9. What is a political system of Great Britain?
10. Who is the head of the state in Great Britain?
Fill in the gaps.
1. Great Britain consists of ______, ______ and ______.
2. The population of Great Britain is about _______.
3. The surface of Great Britain _____ very much.
4. The ______ is mild.
5. The capital of Great Britain is _____.
6. ______ is the official language.
7. Great Britain is a highly ______ ______ country.
8. The head of the state is ______.
9. The Prime ______is the head of the ______.
10. _______ has a sister ______ in Great Britain.
4. Here are some answers to questions about Great Britain. What are the questions?
1) England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland.
2) It is mild and damp.
3) It is a parliamentary monarchy.
4) English.
5) The British Parliament.
6) Kharkiv.
5. Work in pairs! Practise questions and answers: „What is Great Britain?”
PART II
Reading Activities
Read and translate the following text, consulting the dictionary. Use the notes to the text:
Lake District – район озер, Озерний край
Gaelic [΄g e i l i k] – гаельська мова
a jack-staff – гюйс-шток
a naval vessel [΄n e i v ə l] – військово-морське судно
emerald [΄e m ə r ə l d] – смарагдовий
originate [ə΄ r i d з i n e i t] – походити, виникати
a patron [΄p e i t r ə n] –заступник
saint [s e i n t] – святий
a crown [k r a u n] – корона
to refer (to) – називати, посилатися
„Bill of Rights” – (іст.) – Білль про права
the Principality – Уельс
to reign – правити
an anthem – гімн
Official Name
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Britain or Britain (after its major isle), England (after its major historic part) or the British Isles. It is composed of more than 5,500 islands. The two main islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Geographically, the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions – Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennies, and the Lake District.
The United Kingdom is one of the world’s smallest countries. The landscape varies from the north to the south. The highest mountains are found in Scotland (Ben Nevis, 1,343 m) and Wales (Snowdon, 1,085 m). There are no long rivers (the longest are the Severn and the Thames). But the country has many beautiful lakes especially in the Lake District and Scotland.
The weather in the country is so changeable that the English people say that they have no climate but only weather. The climate is described as cool, temperate and humid.
English is not the only language which people use in the United Kingdom. Some people speak Gaelic in Scotland, Welsh – in parts of Wales.
The most important of all British symbols is the National flag.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack (which derives from the use of the Union Flag on the jack-staff of naval vessels), is made up of three crosses. The upright red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. Wales is not represented in the Union Flag because when the version of the flag appeared, Wales was already united with England. The national flag of Wales, called the Welsh dragon, is a red dragon on the field of white and green and is widely used throughout the Principality.
The British National anthem originated in a patriotic song ”God Save the Queen”. There is no authorized version, the words are as follows:
God save our gracious Queen! Long live our noble Queen!
God save the Queen! Send her victorious, Happy and glorious,
Long to reign over us, God save the Queen!
It’s interesting to know:
– Over 20,000 British people are fishermen.
– No town in Britain is more than 80 miles from the sea.
– Great Britain gets all the oil it needs from the North Sea.
– Britain is mainly a Christian country – one British in ten is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and there are 1.7 million members of the Anglican Church.
– If one asks an Irishman away from home what he misses most about Ireland, he will probably tell you „the greenness”; so they call Ireland „the Emerald Isle”.
Post-reading Activities
Test yourself. Match the words with their definitions.
1. a coast a) a very good and holy person
2. saint b) a national song of a country
3. an island c) a particular part of a country, town
4. an anthem d) to become one, join; to work together
5. an area, region e) mountainous part of a country
6. to vary f) division of Britain, which has its own local government
7. to unite g) to become different, to change
8. a highland h) a piece of land with water all around it
9. to surround i) the area where the land meets sea
10. a county j) to be or go all around something
11. a climate k) typical weather conditions
Vocabulary work. Find words in the text which could be replaced by
the following words:
moderate to rise
a scenery to govern
fresh shore
to consist of to convince
damp to change
inconstant
3. Find words in the texts with the opposite meaning to the given words:
to bore warm
to separate a backward country
dry to disappear
poor ugly
recently to object
informal to repeat
Complete the following sentences, using the facts that you know.
1. The island of Great Britain is subdivided into ______.
2. The National Flag of Great Britain is also known as ______. It is named so because ______.
3. There are ______ crosses and ______ colours on the National Flag of the United Kingdom.
4. There are symbols of ______ countries on the National Flag of the United Kingdom.
5. Wales has its own flag called ______.
6. The National anthem of the United Kingdom originated ______.
7. Gaelic is the language spoken in ______.
8. The United Kingdom is often referred to as ______.
9. William and Mary were the first ______ who reigned but not ruled.
10. The power of the Queen of Great Britain is ______.
Complete the following text using the words and expressions from the box.
| visitors cathedral ceremonies poets flat region capital example weighs country calendar centuries |
Notes to the text:
Stonehenge – Стоунхендж, один із самих відомих у світі кромлехів
Magna Carta [΄ m æ g n ə ΄ k a: t ə] (іст.) Велика хартія
England
Stonehenge is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world. This ancient circle of stones stands in south-west England. There is nothing quite like Stonehenge anywhere in the world and for 5,000 years it has drawn ______ to it. The first henge was built over 50 ______ ago, that is about 3,100 B.C. That’s where the mystery begins. Stonehenge is made from massive blocks of stone up to 4 metres high and each stone ______ about five tons. How did they get these stones to stand upright? The truth is nobody really knows. Why it was built is a mystery. Some people think it was used for pagan religions ______, others consider it was a huge ______ used by Druids.
Not far from Stonehenge stands Salisbury Cathedral. It is a splendid ______ of an English Gothic Сathedral; it has the highest spires in England and it was built in the 12th century. Inside the ______ there is one of the copies of the Magna Carta and also the oldest clock in England.
The Lake District is a lovely ______ of lakes and mountains in Northwest England, in a region called Cumbria. The Romantic ______ Wordsworth and De Quincey lived here and were called the Lake Poets.
State whether these statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.
True False
1. People know why Stonehenge was built.
2. The oldest clock in England is in London.
3. Wordsworth lived in the Lake District.
4. The territory of England is mountainous.
5. Oxford and Cambridge are famous university cities.
6. Salisbury Cathedral is a new building.
7. Magna Carta is a collection of verses.
7. It is interesting to know…
– Big Ben is the name of the huge bell that strikes the hours in the clock tower at the Houses of Parliament; it weighs 13 tons.
– The Prime Minister of England and his Government discuss matters of state at the Houses of Parliament. The building is 940 feet long and has two miles of corridors.
– Piccadilly Circus is one of the busiest areas in London with the famous statue of Eros in the middle.
– Trafalgar Square is a historical reminder of the great naval admiral Lord Nelson. Today it is famous for its blocks of pigeons and is used as a meeting place for rallies.
– London buses are the famous red double-deckers.
– London taxis are black. Taxi drivers study for two years before they are taxi drivers.
– There are 275 stations in the London Underground (the tube). Every year people leave 11,500 umbrellas on tube trains!
– Madam Tussaud’s has one of the largest collections of wax models of famous people in the world.
– Stratford-upon-Avon was the birthplace of William Shakespeare, England’s most famous playwright.
Read theText.
THE LAST GREAT WILDERNESS
Scotland is, in fact, a part of Great Britain. It is governed from London but in many ways it is a separate nation. It has its own capital city, Edinburgh, its own laws, its own stamps, its own educational system. It even has its own language, Gaelic, where a lake is called a „loch”, a stream is called a „burn” and a valley is called a „glen”.
There are only about five million Scots, and most of them live in the southern half of the country called „Lowland”, where the major cities are situated. Scottish traditions are still going strong: a long time ago the society was divided into big family groups called clans. Each clan had a different coloured tartan and its name was preceded by „Mac” which means „son of”. Some of these clans still exist today and all the tartans can be found in the form of kilts, jackets, hats and blankets.
Today Scotland is very popular. Most holiday visitors to Scotland go to the Highlands because of the high mountains and deep valleys, clean rivers and old castles. You can’t go to Scotland without visiting Loch Ness and looking for monster Nessie.
The Highlands are home to many rare birds and animals, like the golden eagle and the wildcat, which are found nowhere else in Britain. Besides beautiful green areas, the Highlands offer entertaining activities too. Every year, there are traditional celebrations called The Highland Games, where clansmen compete in sports events, take part in Scottish dancing or play the bagpipes in competitions.
But it is a lonely, mild and empty land. The population is getting smaller all the time. Perhaps the Highlands of Scotland will become the last great wilderness of Europe. The Highlands of Scotland are well worth visiting!
A Scottish Glossary
– Kilt: a „skirt” worn by a man.
– Tartan: a special criss-cross pattern. There are many different tartan patterns. Each Scottish family or „clan” has its own tartan, e.g. the Macdonald Tartan.
– Scotch whisky: a strong alcoholic drink which gets its special taste from Scotland’s fresh highland water.
– Harris Tweed: a type of woolen cloth which is made on Harris, an island off the west coast of Scotland.
– Bagpipes: the national musical instrument of Scotland which once led Scottish soldiers into battle. Every town in Scotland has its own bagpipe band.
– Robert Burns: the Scottish poet who wrote the famous song „Auld Lang Syne”, which British people sing every New Year’s Eve.
A. Test yourself. Complete the quiz.
1. What is the capital of Scotland?
a) Aberdeen b) Edinburgh c) Glasgow
2. A tartan kilt is…
a) spotted b) striped c) checked
3. A „loch” is the Scottish word for …
a) lake b) river c) an island
4. A drink associated with Scotland is …
a) wine b) lager c) whisky
5. Bagpipes are a kind of …
a) purse b) flower c) musical instrument
B. Vocabulary work. Which is the odd word out?
1. forest wood river tree
2. lake sea ocean stone
3. valley mountain eagle cliff
4. sea coast beach field
5. flower rock bush plant
6. road street stream path
Which four words above can you make into adjectives by adding „y”?
C. Choose whether the statements below are true or false. Correct the false ones.
True False
1. Scottish clans wear the same, identical kilts.
2. The nickname for the Loch Ness Monster is Nessie.
3. Burn means „lake” in Scotland.
4. A kilt is a type of tartan skirt.
5. In the Highland Games, the Scots play trumpets.
6. The Scots do not have their own language.
7. Shakespeare is a famous Scottish poet.
8. Robert Burns was a Scottish poet who wrote the famous song „Auld Lang Syne”.
9. The Highland Games offer only sports events.
10. Harris Tweed is a musical instrument.
D. Complete the sentences with which, who or where, using the facts that you know.
1. Aviemore is a place in the Scottish Highlands ______ people ski.
2. Robert Louis Stevenson was a Scottish writer ______ wrote „Treasure Island”.
3. Gaelic is a language ______ is only spoken by a few people.
4. The golden eagle is a rare bird ______ lives in the Scottish Highlands.
5. The „ Highlanders” are people ______ live in the Scottish Highlands.
6. Harries is the name of the island ______ they make Harries tweed.
9. – Work in pairs! Imagine the situations that you can spend some days in England, make up and reproduce the dialogues: „A look at England”.
– If you could visit 3 places of interest in England, which would you choose and why?
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