Read and translate the text. Once the last line has been strung over the crown-block sheaves, the end of the line is lowered down to the rig floor and attached to the drum on the

shock -absorber	амортизатор
a spring	пружина
to reeve	крепить
to mount	устанавливать, насаживать

Once the last line has been strung over the crown-block sheaves, the end of the line is lowered down to the rig floor and attached to the drum on the drawworks. Several wraps of line are then taken around the drawworks drum. The part of the drilling line running out of the drawworks up to the crown block is called the fastline- fastbecause it moves as the traveling block is raised or lowered on the derrick. The end of the line that runs from the crown block down to the wire-rope supply reel is then secured. This part of the line is called the deadline -dead because, once it is secured, it does not move. Mounted in the rig substructure is a device called a deadline anchor. The deadline is firmly clamped to the anchor. Now the traveling block can be raised up off the rig floor and into the derrick by taking in the line with the drawworks. To lower the traveling block, line is let out of the drawworks drum.

Crown blocks and traveling blocks usually look smaller than they actually are because of the distance from which they are seen. The sheaves around which the drilling line passes are often 5 feet or more in diameter, and the pins upon which the sheaves rotate may be 1 foot or so in diameter. The number of sheaves needed on the crown block is always one more than the number required in the traveling block.

Fig.4 Crown block

For example, a ten-line string requires six sheaves in the crown block and five in the traveling block. The extra sheave in the crown block is needed for reeving the deadline. Attachments to the travelling block include a springto act as a shock absorber and a large hook to which the equipment for suspending the drill string is attached. The hook on the traveling block can be attached to a cylindrical steel bar called a bail that supports the swivel.

In addition to this bail for the swivel are two other bails, which are used to connect the elevators to the hook. Elevators are a set of clamps that are latched onto the drill pipe to allow the driller to raise or lower the drill string out of or into the hole. The driller lowers the traveling block and the elevators down to the point where the crew can latch the elevators onto the pipe.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What part of the drilling line is called “fast line”?

2. Why is it called “fast line”?

3. What end of the line is secured?

4. Which part of the drilling line is called dead line and why?

5. Where is the deadline clamped?

6. When the traveling block can be raised up off the rig floor and into the derrick by taking in the line with the drawworks?

7. When is the line let out of the drawworks drum?

8. Why crown blocks and traveling blocks usually look smaller than they actually are?

9. What is the diameter of sheaves around which the drilling line passes?

10. What is the diameter of the pins upon which the sheaves rotate?

11. What is the number of sheaves always needed on the crown block?

12. What is the extra sheave in the crown block needed for?

13. What do attachments to the travelling block include?

14. Where the hook can be attached?

15. What is called a bail?

16. What supports the swivel?

17. What is used to connect the elevators to the hook?

18. What elevators are?

19. What is the function of elevators?

20. When the crew can latch the elevators onto the pipe?

3. Find the English equivalents for these words and word combinations in the text:

ü Постоянное движение проводов троса

ü грузы, встречающиеся на буровой

ü износ троса

ü размотать буровой трос

ü намотанный на катушку

ü группа шкивов

ü количество натянутых линий

ü барабан лебёдки

ü прикрепить к якорю

ü предназначенный для мёртвого конца

ü использовать пружину в качестве амортизатора

ü оборудование для поднятия бурильной колонны

ü крепить к стропе цилиндрического стального стержня

ü система зажимов, которая крепится на буровую трубу

ü ходовая струна

ü пружина, действующая как амортизатор

ü крюк талевого блока

4. Fill in the appropriate words and expressions into the extract below and translate it into Russian:

mast, mechanical, set of pulleys, hoist, support

Crown block is the fixed …… (called sheaves) located at the top of the derrick or ……, over which the drilling line is threaded. The companion blocks to these pulleys are the traveling blocks. By using two sets of blocks in this fashion, great …… advantage is gained, enabling the use of relatively small drilling line (3/4 to 1,5 in. diameter steel cable) to …… loads many times heavier than the cable could ……. as a single strand.

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