Read and translate the text. Two common means are used to transmit the power from the prime movers to the rig components: mechanical and electrical

Two common means are used to transmit the power from the prime movers to the rig components: mechanical and electrical. Until recent years, most rigs were mechanical; that is, engine power was transmitted to the com­ponents by mechanical means. Today, diesel-electric rigs are rapidly replacing the mechanical ones.

On a mechanical-drive rig, the power is transmitted from the engines to the drawworks, pumps, and other rig machinery through an assembly known as the compound. The com­pound consists of clutches, couplings, sprockets, belts, pulleys, and shafts, all of which function to achieve the transfer of power.

On a diesel-electric rig, diesel engines, which on land rigs are usually located at ground level some distance away from the rig floor, drive large electric generators. The generators, in turn, produce electricity that is sent through cables to electric switch and control gear. From here, electricity goes through additional cables to electric motors that are attached directly to the equipment involved-drawworks, mud pumps, and the rotary.

The diesel-electric system has a number of advantages over the mechanical system. One of the primary advantages is the elimination of the heavy, fairly complicated compound and chain drive, thus eliminating the need for aligning the compound with the engines and drawworks. Another advantage is that the engines can be placed away from the rig floor, reducing engine noise for the crew.

The layout of a rig is far from standardized; the prime movers, drawworks, pumps, and rotary may be arranged in any number of ways, depending on the preference of the drilling contractor. Each contractor has different ideas about layout and arranges his rig accordingly.

The variations in layout take power demand into consideration. The hoisting system, at times when pipe is being raised or casing being run, requires the heaviest power supply. The second biggest user of power is the circulating system; mud pumps may have their own power source or may be driven from an engine along with the rotary, which requires the least amount of power.

Fig. 1.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What means are used to transmit the power from the prime movers to the rig components?

2. What rigs did replace the mechanical ones?

3. How is energy transmitted from the engines to the drawworks on a mechanical - drive rig?

4. What is a compound?

5. What does the compound consist of?

6. What is the function of the compound?

7. Where usually are diesel-electric engines located?

8. What do diesel engines drive?

9. What do generators produce?

10. How does electricity go to the involved equipment?

11. Where are electric motors attached?

12. What are the advantages of the diesel electric system?

13. Is power demand taken into consideration when the layout of the rig is made?

14. Is the layout of the rig standardized?

15. What system requires the heaviest power supply?

16. What system is the second biggest user of the power?

Fig.2.

4. Find English equivalents for these words and word combinations in the text:

ü электро-дизельные буровые заменили механические

ü передача электричества от первичных двигателей к механизмам буровой

ü машинное оборудование

ü состоит из муфты, цепного колеса, замка сцепления, ремней, валов и подъёмника

ü генераторы производят электричество, которое …

ü электричество передаётся через провода к электрическому переключателю и контрольному двигателю

ü электричество через дополнительные провода поступает к электромоторам

ü приводят в действие большие электрические генераторы

ü первостепенное преимущество

ü отцепление тяжёлого, сложного соединения и цепного привода

ü нет необходимости в совмещении соединения с двигателями и лебёдками

ü разместить далеко от рабочей площадки

ü уменьшить шум мотора

ü второй самый большой

ü расположение буровой

ü зависит от предпочтений подрядчика

ü учитывать потребление мощности

ü обеспечение

Дата добавления: 2015-10-24