|
Читайте также: |
presence of radioactive wastes and radioactive materials, actual (наличие радиоактивных веществ и радиоактивных отходов Фактическое)) – see ACTUAL PRESENCE OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS (Фактическое наличие радиоактивных веществ и радиоактивных отходов).
pressure (Давление)
Maximum normal operating pressure (максимальное нормальное рабочее давление) – maximum pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure at the sea level that can occur in the leaktight packaging system over one year assuming ambient temperatures and sun radiation, without venting or pressure relief, external cooling or control measures during transportation. (NP-053-04)
Comment
This term is fully equivalent to the same term in the IAEA Glossary - “Maximum normal operating pressure” (Максимальное нормальное рабочее давление).
Operating pressure (давление рабочее) – maximum excess pressure of a fluid in a pipeline or component during normal operation, taking into account hydrostatic pressure. (NP-068-05)
Rated pressure (for leaktight containment) (давление расчетное (для герметичного ограждения)) –excess pressure of the media within the accident localization zone determined by the designer organization, under which strength of the containment is ensured and the leaks from the enclosure do not exceed the design limits. (NP-010-11)
Rated pressure (давление расчетное) – maximum excess pressure of a fluid in a pipeline or component used for selection of dimensions of components critical for strength, at which normal operation at the rated temperature is allowed. (NP-068-05)
PRE-STARTUP ADJUSTMENT ACTIVITIES (ПРЕДПУСКОВЫЕ НАЛАДОЧНЫЕ РАБОТЫ) – stage of commissioning of a power unit, during which constructed and installed plant systems and components are brought into the state of readiness for operation with verification of compliance with design criteria and requirements. The stage ends with readiness of the unit for initial criticality. (OPB-12)
PRIMARY CIRCUIT (ПЕРВЫЙ КОНТУР) – see REACTOR COOLANT CIRCUIT (PRIMARY CIRCUIT) (КОНТУР ТЕПЛОНОСИТЕЛЯ РЕАКТОРА (ПЕРВЫЙ КОНТУР)).
PRIMARY EVENT (первичное СОБЫТИЕ) – same as BASIC EVENT (БАЗИСНОЕ СОБЫТИЕ).
PRIMARY FRAGMENTS (ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ ОСКОЛКИ) – see FRAGMENTS (ОСКОЛКИ).
primary means of firefighting (ПЕРВИЧНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ПОЖАРОТУШЕНИЯ) – means of firefighting used at the initial stage of development of fire. (Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Specifications on fire safety requirements”)
principle of two (three) persons (ПРАВИЛО ДВУХ (ТРЕХ) ЛИЦ) – group work principle (inclusively, during opening and security check of rooms) based on the requirement of simultaneous presence at one workplace or in one room of at least two (three) individuals in order to minimize the risk of unauthorized actions.(NP-034-01)
PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (Вероятностная модель АС) – interrelated set of mathematical models of accident sequences, systems, components, personnel actions, as well as databases with probabilistic parameters of initiating events, system and component reliability, common cause failures, personnel reliability and other initial data required for assessment of probabilistic parameters of the plant safety performance. (RB-032-04, RB-024-11)
PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ANALYSIS (ВЕРОЯТНОСТНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ безопасности) – see ANALYSIS (АНАЛИЗ).
probabilistic safety performance parameter (Вероятностный показатель безопасности) – the value of radioactivity source damage probability, or the value of probability of release of radioactive substance into environment. (RB-032-04)
probability of fault-free operation (Вероятность безотказной работы) – probability of occurrence of no failures of a component (facility) within the given operation time. (NP-068-05)
PROCESS FLUID (ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СРЕДА) – substances and materials circulating in process equipment (process system). (Federal Law No. 123-FZ “Technical Specifications on fire safety requirements”)
PROCESS VENTS (СДУВКИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ) – vapor mixtures, gases and (or) aerosols removed from the process equipment components. (NP-021-2000)
proportional valve (Клапан пропорциональный) – see VALVES (АРМАТУРА).
PROTECTION (ЗАЩИТА) – control functions aimed at preventing:
a) damage, failures or destruction of the protected equipment or automation devices;
b) operation of faulty equipment or automation devices;
c) undesirable personnel actions as regards control. (NP-026-04)
Comment
The IAEA Glossary defines the term “Protection” (Защита) only in the sense of radiation protection. In the sense of control function, this term is only used in combination with other words. For example, “Protection System” (система защиты) or “Protective Action” (Защитное действие).
Emergency protection (Аварийная защита)
- safety function consisting in fast transfer of the nuclear reactor to subcritical state and maintaining subcriticality;
- a set of safety systems performing emergency protection function. (NP-082-07)
Comment
This term (equivalent to the meaning in the first bullet) corresponds to the term “Scram” (Аварийный останов) or “Rapid Emergency Shutdown” (Быстрый аварийный останов) in the IAEA Glossary.
защита) or “Radiological Protection” (Радиологическая защита).
Engineered protection (инженерная защита) – a set of engineered systems protecting people, buildings or structures, territories on which construction, maintenance and operation of building or structure will be performed, against hazardous natural phenomena and processes and (or) technogenic impacts, terrorist threats, as well as prevention and (or) mitigation or consequences of hazardous natural phenomena and processes and (or) technogenic impacts or terrorist threats. (Federal Law No. 384-FZ “Technical Specifications on safety of buildings and structures”)
Engineered protection of nuclear facility against external impacts (инженерная защита объекта использования атомной энергии от внешних воздействий) – a complex of measures, means of protection, space-and-planning solutions, organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring stability and safety of a nuclear facility, protection of its buildings, structures, systems, components, employees, and at prevention of accidents associated with discharge of radionuclides into atmosphere or effluent of radionuclides into hydrosphere or geoshpere caused by external impact of natural and (or) technogenic origin, as well as at prevention or mitigation of social and economic damage. (NP-064-05)
Engineered protection of nuclear facility site (инженерная защита территории объекта использования атомной энергии) – a set of measures and means aimed at preventing or mitigating negative effects of hazardous hydrometeorological, geological or engineering-geological phenomena, processes and factors on the nuclear facility site. (NP-064-05)
Physical protection (Физическая защита) – a combination of organizational measures, engineered systems and actions of the security personnel aimed at preventing theft of nuclear materials or acts of sabotage against such materials and vehicles for their transportation. (NP-053-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Physical protection”(Физическая защита).
Physical protection of a nuclear plant (Физическая защита АС) – engineered and organizational measures to ensure safe-keeping of nuclear and radioactive materials existing at the plant, to prevent unauthorized access to the plant territory or to nuclear material and radioactive substances, and to timely detect and terminate acts of sabotage or terrorism jeopardizing the plant safety. (OPB-12)
See the previous comment.
Protection of personnel (employees) (защита работников (персонала)) – a set of technical and organizational measures providing for the required level of safety of personnel directly involved in operation of a nuclear facility. (NP-064-05)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Radiation Protection” (радиационная
Warning protection (предупредительная защита) –a function performed by normal operation control system of the nuclear power unit in order to prevent actuation of emergency protection and (or) violation of safe operation limits and conditions.
(NP-082-07)
protection and control train (Комплект аппаратуры AЗ) – instrumentation and controls of protection and control system, performing plant control and monitoring function in the scope, specified by the plant design. (NP-082-07)
protection chamber (Защитная камера) – a room, specially equipped for dismantling, cutting, investigation and other operations performed remotely with SNF. (NP-061-05)
protection feature (Устройство предохранительное) [22] – a feature protecting components of electromechanical executive mechanism against electrical overload. (NP-086-12)
PROTECTION SAFETY SYSTEMS (COMPONENTS) (ЗАЩИТНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ (ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ) БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ) – see SAFETY SYSTEMS (COMPONENTS) (СИСТЕМЫ (ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ) БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ).
protective barriers (ЗАЩИТНЫЕ БАРЬЕРЫ) – see БАРЬЕР (BARRIER).
PROTOTYPE UNIT (ЭНЕРГОБЛОК-ПРОТОТИП) – specific unit of a power plant taken as a reference for development of full scope simulator, with the use of the unit design, startup and operating documentation. (NP-003-97)
PUBLIC (Население) – all individuals, including personnel not involved in operations with ionizing radiation sources. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
QUALIFICATION (КВАЛИФИКАЦИЯ) – level of training of plant personnel, including basic special education, professional knowledge, skills, and experience, ensuring quality and safety of operation of nuclear power plant. (OPB-12)
QUALITY (КАЧЕСТВО) – combination of properties and characteristics of services and equipment, determining their ability to satisfy the established requirement according to their purpose. (RB-003-98)
quality assurance (Обеспечение качества) –a part of coordinated organization management and control activities intended to create confidence that quality requirements shall be satisfied. (NP-090-11)
Comment
This term corresponds to the IAEA Glossary term “Quality assurance (QA)” (Обеспечение качества (ОК)).
quality assurance program (Программа обеспечения качества) – document defining a set of organizational and technical quality assurance measures affecting nuclear facility safety. (Refined definition of NP-090-11)
Comment
This term corresponds to the IAEA Glossary term "Quality assurance (QA)” (Обеспечение качества (ОК)).
quality policy (Политика в области качества) – general intentions and lines of activities of organization in the area of quality, officially formulated by senior management. (NP-090-11)
quota (Квота) – part of the dose limit established by the rules for limiting public exposure from gaseous and aerosol emissions and liquid effluents from nuclear power plant. (PRB AS-99)
RADIATION ACCIDENT (РАДИАЦИОННАЯ АВАРИЯ) – see ACCIDENT (АВАРИЯ).
radiation exposure effects (Эффекты облучения)
Deterministic effects of exposure (детерминированные эффекты облучения) – clinically identifiable harmful biological effects caused by ionizing radiation, with respect to which existence of a threshold is assumed below which there is no effect, and above which its severity is a function of the dose. (NRB-99/2009)
Stochastic effects of exposure (стохастические эффекты облучения) – harmful biological effects caused by ionizing radiation having no dose threshold of occurrence, probability of occurrence of which is proportional to the dose, and severity of which is independent of the dose. (NRB-99/2009)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Стохастический эффект” (Stochastic effect).
radiation EXPOSURE, medical (медицинское Облучение) – see MEDICAL RADIATION EXPOSURE (Облучение медицинское).
radiation hazard sign (Знак радиационной опасности) – a sign that attracts attention to objects of potential or actual hazard of harmful influence of ionizing radiation on humans. The sign is a warning one. (PRB AS-99)
RADIATION HAZARDOUS ACTIVITIES (Радиационно-опасные работы) – work in the conditions of actual or potential radiation hazard, when radiation conditions at the location of the activities are such that, under standard exposure condition, individual effective dose for an employee can exceed 20 mSv per year. (PRB AS-99)
radiation hygienic passport of organization (Паспорт организации радиационно-гигиенический ) – document, characterizing radiation safety state in the organization and containing recommendations for its enhancement. (PRB AS-99)
radiation level (Уровень излучения) – corresponding dose rate expressed in milliSivert per hour. (NP-053-04)
RADIATION MONITORING (радиационный Контроль) – obtaining information about radiation situation in the organization, environment, and about levels of exposure of people (includes dosimetric and radiometric monitoring). (NRB-99/2009,
PRB AS-99)
Radiation object (Объект радиационный) – a physical object (structure, building, enclosed complex of buildings) where handling of technogenic sources of ionizing radiation is carried out. (NRB-99/2009)
radiation protection program (Программа радиационной защиты) – program of measures to ensure planning and accounting radiation protection actions applied systematically during transportation of radioactive materials. (NP-053-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Radiation protection program” (Программа радиационной защиты). However, the definition of the IAEA Glossary does not specify the nature of actions the term applies to, and in particular, transportation of radioactive materials.
radiation risk (радиационный РИСК) – see RISK (РИСК).
RADIATION SAFETY OF PUBLIC (Радиационная безопасность населения) – see SAFETY (БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ).
radiation sources (Радиационные источники) – see SOURCE (ИСТОЧНИК).
radioactive contamination (радиоактивное Загрязнение) – presence of radioactive substances on the surface, inside materials, in the air, in the human organism or in other location in the amount exceeding the levels established by sanitary rules. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Contamination” (Радиоактивное загрязнение).
radioactive content (Радиоактивное содержимое) – radioactive substance together with any radioactive or activated solids, liquids or gases in packaging. (NP-053-04)
radioactive exposure (Облучение) – impact of ionizing radiation on humans. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Exposure” (Облучение).
Emergency exposure (Облучение аварийное) – exposure caused by radiological accident. (NRB-99/2009)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Emergency exposure” (Аварийное облучение).
External exposure (Облучение внешнее) – exposure of human body organs or tissues caused by incoming radiation. (PRB AS-99)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “External exposure” (Внешнее облучение).
Internal exposure (Облучение внутреннее) – exposure of human body organs or tissues caused by intake of radionuclides. (PRB AS-99)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Internal exposure” (Внутреннее облучение).
Medical exposure (Облучение медицинское) – exposure to ionizing radiation of:
a) patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic medical procedures;
b) individuals (except medical personnel), who knowingly and voluntarily assist in patient care in hospitals or at home;
c) individuals undergoing medical tests due to their professional occupation or as a part of juridical medical procedures;
d) individuals undergoing prophylactic medical tests or investigations. (NRB-99/2009)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Medical exposure” (Медицинское облучение).
Natural exposure (Облучение природное) – exposure caused by natural sources of radiation. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
Occupational exposure (Облучение профессиональное) – exposure of personnel during operations with ionizing radiation sources. (NRB-99/2009)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Occupational exposure” (профессиональное облучение).
Planned increased exposure (Повышенноепланируемое облучение) – planned exposure of personnel in the doses exceeding the established main limits in order to prevent development of radiation accident or mitigate its consequences. (NRB-99/2009)
Production exposure (Облучение производственное) – exposure of employees caused by all technogenic and natural sources of ionizing radiation during production activities. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
Technogenic exposure (Облучение техногенное) – exposure from technogenic sources in normal and emergency conditions, except for medical exposure of patients. (NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99)
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (Радиоактивный материал) – nuclear material and (or) radioactive substance. The term is used in the NP-053-04 as a generalizing one, when there is no difference in requirements to transportation of radioactive substances and nuclear materials. Products based on radioactive materials are also understood as such materials. (Refined definition of NP-053-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Radioactive material” (Радиоактивный материал).
Low dispersible radioactive material (Радиоактивный материал с низкой способностью к рассеянию (РМНР)) – solid radioactive materials not in the form of powder, or hermetically sealed solid radioactive material with limited dispersion ability consistent with the requirements of the present rules to low dispersible radioactive materials. (NP-053-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Low dispersible radioactive material” (Радиоактивный материал с низкой способностью к рассеянию).
Special form radioactive material (Радиоактивный материал особого вида (РМОВ)) – non-scattering solid or hermetically sealed radioactive material consistent with the requirements of NP-053-04 to special form radioactive materials. (NP-053-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Special form radioactive material” (Радиоактивный материал особого вида).
radiOACTIVE source (Радиоактивный источник) – see SOURCE (ИСТОЧНИК).
radioactive substance and radioactive waste accounting (Учет радиоактивных веществ и радиоактивных отходов) – determination of accounting information on RS and RW, production and maintenance of accounting and reporting documentation. (NP-067-11)
radioactive substance and radioactive waste control (Контроль радиоактивных веществ и радиоактивных отходов) – monitoring of presence and translocations of RW and radioactive materials, including control of access to them, equipment and information, surveillance of RW and radioactive materials, verification of authorized placement and translocations of RW and radioactive materials. (NP-067-11)
radioactive substances of defense purpose (Радиоактивные вещества оборонного назначения) – see substance (substances) (ВЕЩЕСТВА (ВЕЩЕСТВО)).
radioactive surface contamination (Радиоактивное загрязнение поверхности) – presence of radioactive materials of technogenic origin on the surface of transportation vehicles, cargo containers, packaging and other objects in the amounts exceeding 0.4 Bq/sm2 for beta, gamma and alpha sources with low toxicity and 0.04 Bq/sm2 for all other alpha sources. (NP-053-04)
RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONDITIONING (Кондиционирование радиоактивных отходов) – processes bringing radioactive wastes into physical form and state appropriate for ultimate disposal in accordance with the acceptance criteria. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Conditioning” (Кондиционирование).
Liquid (solid) radioactive waste conditioning ( К ондиционирование жидких (твердых) радиоактивных отходов) – transfer of RW to the forms suitable for safe storage and (or) transportation, and (or) disposal. Conditioning can include transfer of LRW (SRW) into a stable form, placement of LRW (SRW) into containers or packaging. (NP-058-04, NP-072-06, NP-002-04)
RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONTAINER ( Контейнер для радиоактивных отходов) – vessel (component of packaging set) used for RW collection and (or) transportation, and (or) disposal. (NP-058-04) (NP-002-04)
Comment
A corresponding term in the IAEA Glossary is “Container, Waste” (Контейнер отходов)
radioactive waste disposal system (Система захоронения радиоактивных отходов) – combination of the natural geological formation, structures for ultimate disposal of solid or liquid radioactive wastes and the disposed wastes. (NP-058-04)
radioactive waste management (Обращение с радиоактивными отходами) – all types of activities associated with collection, transportation, reprocessing, conditioning and (or) disposal of RW. (NP-002-04, NRB-99/2009, PRB AS-99, Federal Law No.190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Comment
This term corresponds to the IAEA Glossary term “Waste management, radioactive" (Обращение с отходами, радиоактивными).
Gaseous radioactive waste management (Обращение с газообразными радиоактивными отходами) – types of activities, associated with collection, hold-up, filtration, adsorption (reprocessing) of GRW. (NP-058-04)
Liquid (solid) radioactive waste management (Обращение с жидкими (твердыми) радиоактивными отходами) – types of activities associated with collection, transportation, reprocessing, conditioning and (or) disposal of LRW (SRW). (NP-058-04)
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATOR, NATIONAL (оператор по обращению с радиоактивными отходами Национальный) – see NATIONAL RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATOR (Национальный оператор по обращению с радиоактивными отходами).
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT organization, specialized (оператор по обращению с радиоактивными отходами Национальный) – see SPECIALIZED RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION (Специализированная организация по обращению с радиоактивными отходами).
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE (ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ качества при обращении с РАО) – planned and systematically performed activities aimed at all the RW handling and management activities affecting nuclear and radiation safety being performed in compliance with the requirements of federal rules and reulations and other regulatory documents, and the results of such activities being compliant with the existing requirements. (NP-019-2000, RB-003-98)
radioactive waste management system (Системы обращения с радиоактивными отходами) – process systems designed for collection and (or) storage, and (or) reprocessing, and (or) conditioning, and (or) transportation of RW. (NP-002-04)
RADIOACTIVE WASTE REGISTRY (Реестр радиоактивных отходов) – systematic compilation of documented information about radioactive wastes obtained as a result of primary registration of radioactive wastes and their locations, as well as information about the radioactive wastes transferred to the national operator. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
radioactive waste reprocessing (Переработка радиоактивных отходов) – process operation associated with change of aggregate state and (or) reduction of volume, and (or) change of physical properties of RW during their preparation for storage or disposal. (NP-002-04, RB-014-2000, Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Liquid radioactive waste reprocessing (Переработка жидких радиоактивных отходов) – process operation associated with change of aggregate state and (or) reduction of volume, and (or) change of physical or chemical properties of LRW. (NP-058-04, NP-019-2000)
Solid radioactive waste reprocessing (Переработка твердых радиоактивных отходов) – process operations associated with change of form and decrease of volume of SRW. (NP-058-04, NP-019-2000)
RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE (DISPOSAL) FACILITIES (ПУНКТЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ (ЗАХОРОНЕНИЯ) РАДИОАКТИВНЫХ ОТХОДОВ)
Deep radioactive waste disposal facility (Пункт глубинного захоронения радиоактивных отходов) – a radioactive waste disposal facility including a structure located at the depth of more than one hundred meters from the ground surface. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Long term radioactive waste storage facility (Пункт долговременного хранения радиоактивных отходов) – radioactive waste storage facility, operating lifetime of which is defined by the design, but no decommissioning activities or actions are prescribed. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Near-surface radioactive waste disposal facility (Пункт глубинного захоронения радиоактивных отходов) – a radioactive waste disposal facility including a structure located on the ground surface or at the depth of no more than one hundred meters from the ground surface. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Radioactive waste disposal facility (Пункт захоронения радиоактивных отходов) – stationary object (objects) and (or) structure (structures) designed for disposal of radioactive wastes located within the territory defined by the design and equipped with all the necessary systems and components for RW handling. (NP-058-04, Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Special radioactive waste conservation facility (Пункт консервации особых радиоактивных отходов) – natural or technogenic object containing special radioactive wastes, having safety barriers isolating radioactive wastes from the environment during the design lifetime of the facilities. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Special radioactive waste storage facility (Пункт размещения особых радиоактивных отходов) – natural or technogenic object containing special radioactive wastes non-isolated from the environment, or a facility containing radioactive waste, period of isolation of which was not established. (Federal Law No. 190-FZ “On radioactive waste handling and amendments to some legislative acts of the Russian Federation”)
Дата добавления: 2015-11-14; просмотров: 66 | Нарушение авторских прав
| <== предыдущая страница | | | следующая страница ==> |
| FIXED CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE (фиксированное загрязнение поверхности)– see CONTAMINATION (ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ). 3 страница | | | FIXED CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE (фиксированное загрязнение поверхности)– see CONTAMINATION (ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ). 5 страница |