Political repressions of the 1920-30s

Soviet repression of the traditional elite, along with forced collectivization in late 1920s-1930s, brought mass hunger and led to unrest. Soviet rule, however, took hold, and a communist apparatus steadily worked to fully integrate Kazakhstan into the Soviet system. Kazakhstan experienced population inflows of thousands exiled from other parts of the Soviet Union during the 1930s and later became home for hundreds of thousands evacuated from the Second World War Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic World War II effort. Political repression continued after the end of the civil war. They have become endemic, with the beginning of the forced collectivization of agriculture and rapid industrialization in the late 1920 's early 1930-ies as well as strengthening the personal power of Stalin. Mass political repression is one of the most tragic pages in the history of Kazakhstan. On the territory of Kazakhstan were the largest camp structure GULAG – ALZHIR, STEPLAG, KARLAG. The Republic almost turned into one big prison. During the years of repression in Kazakhstan it was exiled camp more than 5 million people.

From 1921 to 1954 in Kazakhstan, 100000 people were convicted, 25000 of which were applied to the shooting. In the period from 1937 to 1938, as a result of the policy of Small October began massive repression in Kazakhstan. All "wrong" under various pretexts were removed from the Republic. Many were removed from their posts.In 1928, were repressed former leaders of Alash Orda-Dulatuli, Zhumabayev, Aimauytov. The situation in the Republic of emergency – everywhere looking for enemies. For 33 years from 1920 to 1953, about 110 thousand people has been subjected to political repression, about 18% of all Kazakhstan party organization was declared as enemies of the people. A favorite object of Stalin's repressions were local party figures – the so-called national-evaders have. On Stalin's system they were subjected to moral and physical destruction.

97) Political and social life in KZ in 1920-1930-ies. The most significant event-the decree about the formation of Kazakh autonomous soviet socialistic republic (26.08.1920). Later the meeting of soviets of KazASSR was held, where the controllers were elected and the declaration of the rights of workers was accepted. 1920-1924-the capital was Orenburg, 1920-1922 the borders of KazASSR were discussed; as a result-adjoining of Semipalatinsk and Akmola regions. 1921-decree about the order of use of K. and R. languages. 1922-formation of USSR. 1924-death of Lenin. 1925-29 the capital Kyzyl-Orda. 1922-1953-Stalin’s governing., was accompanied by numerous repressions, the strengthening of totalitarian system. 1937-38-mass repressions, creation of GULAG. Liquidation of illiteracy, education.

98) Stalinist policy of forced resettlement in KZ of Peoples from the Caucasus, the Volga region, Far East and other regions of the USSR. During almost 50 years KZ was being settled by political convicts, Motherland betrayers, other nations and so on (Dungans in 1916, Germans in 1941, Koreans in 1937, etc). Stalin tried to depart all the people, which he thought to be betrayers and dangerous for the USSR in one place in order to have proper control over them. Koreans and Germans were not allowed to take part in the war. In spite of the prohibition many Germans took part and 9 of them got the name of the Hero of the USSR. Thus the policy of fighting of Stalin against people in fact turned KZ in the country of camps, prisons, GULAGs. Kazakh people helped the deported a lot. They had to combine the care of new-settled and the hardships after the World War 2.

99=101) Heroism of KZ in the Great Patriotic War. Kazakhs took active part in the War, among them 500 Heroes of the USSR, 410 thousand Kazakhstani warriors were killed. 2 Kazakh girls were named the Heroes of the USSR (M. Mametova was machine gunner and A. Moldagulova was sniper). Kozhedub- pilot, H. of the USSR 3 times. Luganskiy, he knocked down 37 planes. A lot of people closed the embrasure with their chest. Some warriors approached their planes into the enemy tanks, made ram attacks. Thousands of Kazakhstani gave their lives in the battles. They showed great patriotism in the fields of battle.

100=101. Kz-as arsenal for front during WWII. During the WWII KZ was the front’s arsenal. About 1.2mln Kazakhs took direct part in military action against Germany. On the eve of and during the War, 102.00Poles from the western regions of the USSR, about 360.000 Germans from Volga regions, 100.000 Koreans from the Far East, Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Balkaretses from Caucasus, Crimean Tatars, Meskhetian Turks were all deported to KZ.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14