February revolt

In February 1917, Russia was accomplished the bourgeois-democratic revolution, the fall of the monarchy. Kazakhs welcomed the overthrow of the autocracy, seeing it as meeting the objectives of the national liberation movement in 1916. The leaders of national liberation movements believed that with the establishment of democracy, freedom and equality, it is time to create national autonomy.
In March and April 1917 were created everywhere the Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies. In some cities (Uralsk, Faithful, Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Aulie-Ata) appeared Kyrgyz (Kazakh) national committees. Along with the bodies of the Council to act of the Provisional Government. In Kazakhstan, as well as throughout the country that has a dual power. The new government has taken steps to revise the imperial national policies. March 20, 1917 were canceled restrictions on the rights of Russian citizens by religion or nationality. This decision was aimed at establishing national consensus. The Provisional Government has decided to return home requisitioned workers tylovikov. The February Revolution of 1917, stated its commitment to universal values ​​- freedom, equality. But it is not decided until the end of the national question of the right of nations to self-determination, not liquidated the institutions of colonial rule.A huge impact on the growth of political consciousness tylovikov provided their contact with the Russian workers, soldiers.
In July 1917, Vernyi former "confiscated the workers' union laborers have created, designed to raise the class consciousness of the poor. In Sergiopole (Ayaguz) 800 men and Kazakhs tylovikov united in the "Russian-Muslim soldier organization," organized by the Union in Petropavlovsk young carriers. Tyloviki have the support of opposition to the Provisional Government.

84.First all kazakhstan Congress was in July 28, 1917 in Orenburg. It was attended by 6 regions – Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Turgai, Ural, Semirechye, Fergana and also Bukeyev Horde. The Chairman of the Congress was Dosmukhamedov H. At the Congress of the 14 issues were discussed. There are: form of Government; autonomy in Kazakh fields; the land issue; people's militia; zemstvo; education; Court of Justice; religion; women's issue; preparation of the constituent Assembly of deputies of the Kazakh areas; All-Russian Muslim Congress "Shchura-e-Islami"; Kazakh political party; on the situation in the Semirečenekoi area; the premise of the Kazakhs in the federalist Congress throughout Russia as well as in the Commission. On all issues have been taken the constructive resolution of the national democratic content. Particular attention was drawn to the following problem: on the form of Government, the autonomy of the Kazakh areas, the agrarian question, the proceedings, the question of women's rights, on the preparations for the elections to the constituent Assembly, a Kazakh political party. The first Vsekazahskij the Congress announced the creation of the Kazakh political party "alash", was founded draft programe, consisting of 10 sections. "This was not a nationalist and patriotic organization, which sought the gradual transformation of Kazakh society and adapt it to present-day realities".

85. Formation of the party “Alash”

Alash (1917-1920) was a constitutional democratic party in the Alash Autonomy.

Chairman - Alikhan Bokeikhanov.

Alash Orda is the autonomous Kazakh government established by the liberal-nationalist Alash party in December 1917. Alash was the mythical ancestor of the Kazakhs, and Alash Orda (Horde of Alash) long served as their traditional battle cry. His name was adopted by the Kazakh nationalist journal, Alash, that was published by secularist Kazakh intellectuals for twenty-two issues, from November 26, 1916, to May 25, 1917. Alash Orda then was taken as the name of a political party founded in March 1917 by a group of moderate, upper-class Kazakh nationalists. Among others, they included Ali Khan Bukeykhanov, Ahmed Baytursun, Mir Yakub Dulatov, Oldes Omerov, Magzhan Zhumabayev, H. Dosmohammedov, Mohammedzhan Tynyshbayev, and Abdul Hamid Zhuzhdybayev. Initially, the party's program resembled that of the Russian Constitutional-Democrats (Kadets), but with a strong admixture of Russian Menshevik (Social Democrat) and Socialist-Revolutionary (SR) ideas. Despite later Soviet charges, it was relatively progressive on social issues and demanded the creation of an autonomous Kazakh region. This program was propagated in the newspaper Qazaq (Kazakh), published in Orenburg. The paper had a circulation of about eight thousand until it was closed by the Communists in March 1918.

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