Joining of Zhuzes to the Russian Empire.

At the beginning of the XVIII century the Kazakh Khanate was a politically fragmented country. Kazakh tribes were grouped into three - zhuzys: Senior, Midlle and Junior. From the east serious danger was Dzhungar Khanate. From the south Kazakh Khanate Khiva and Bukhara were threatened. Heavy political situation within the khanate and the ongoing internal conflict, greatly weakened the Kazakh Khanate.

In 1730, Khan of Junior Juz Abulkhair appealed to the Russian government to the military alliance. It was rejected and instead invited to the protection of Russia. February 19, 1731 Empress Anna Ivanovna signed the charter of voluntarily enters of Junior Juz to the Russian Empire. In 1740, Middle Horde came under the patronage.

Joining of the Senior and Middle zhuzes to Russia was delayed for many years.

It should be noted that joining to the Russia was the only one right decision at that moment, because the risk of loss the state was very great.

To ensure that the Russian presence in kazakh lands were erected fortresses. At the same time, the Russian Empire eliminated the khan's power in the Kazakh zhuzhs,instead, introduced in 1822, the “charter of the Siberian Kirghiz”.

73)Kazakhstan history: The 19th century In the first half of the 19th century the influence of Russia’s economy on the backward economy of Kazakhstan grew stronger: an increasing number of Kazakhs settled down and took up crop farming.As the output of agriculture produce rose, Kazakhstan’s trade and economic ties expanded. In the late 19th century capitalism penetrated into agricultural sector, intensifying the process of stratification in the auls (Kazakh villages).The Russian Empire introduced a system of administration and built military garrisons and barracks in its effort to establish a presence in Central Asia in the so-called "Great Game" between it and the British Empire. The first Russian outpost, Orsk, was built in 1735. Russia enforced the Russian language in all schools and governmental organizations. Russian efforts to impose its system aroused the resentment by the Kazakh people, and by the 1860s, most Kazakhs resisted Russia's annexation largely because of the influence it wrought upon the traditional nomadic lifestyle and livestock-based economy, and the associated hunger that was rapidly wiping out some Kazakh tribes. The Kazakh national movement, which began in the late 19th century, sought to preserve the native language and identity by resisting the attempts of the Russian Empire to assimilate and stifle them.The competition for land and water that ensued between the Kazakhs and the newcomers caused great resentment against colonial rule during the final years of Tsarist Russia, with the most serious uprising, the Central Asian Revolt, occurring in 1916. The Kazakhs attacked Russian and Cossack settlers and military garrisons. The revolt resulted in a series of clashes and in brutal massacres committed by both sides. Both sides resisted the communist government until late 1919

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