Culture in 19 century.

At the beginning of the century XlX vast majority of the Kazakh population lived in yurts. Special Master (uyshy) made remarkable examples of the yurt, characterized as a bright beauty, and richness and conformity of all parts. Often, they were sent to various ethnographic exhibition (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Paris). The Russian government has gained a large number of tents for the army (especially during the First World War). The appearance of wintering was in the XIX century. "Kystau" - the winter home of the Kazakhs of XIX century. - A variety of structures, depending on climate and natural - historical conditions, as well as the degree of economic well-being of the owner. In mountainous areas, it was built of stone, tree, in the steppe part - of turf and stone, in the northern - most often made of wood, in the south - from sun-dried bricks. The windows were made in the ceiling or on the opposite wall to the door, the door came out into the yard. Kystau usually consists of two rooms (korzhun yi). Close to the dwelling are attached farm buildings. The concept kystau is also the surrounding area strictly protected from damage by cattle in summer. The clothes of the Kazakhs of XIX centuryis observed the influence of the changed conditions of social life, a strong influence of Tatar culture. If in the beginning of the century still were preferred the Central Asian fabric production of silk! velvet, satin, and especially the fool (polushelk), then at the end of the century are more enter cloth Russian factory. Many forms of archaic dress of the Kazakhs - saptama (boots with long tops), saukele (bride's headdress), ayyr kalpak (peaked caps males) gradually out of use. Surroundings the Kazakh steppe a network of military fortifications, usury and capitalist exploitation, the defeat of several major revolts - all these events gave rise to the Kazakh poetry pessimistic direction, known as - Zar Zaman. Prominent representatives of this direction were Shortanbai Kanayuly, Murat Monkeuly, Dulat Babatayuly, Abubakir Kerdery. In the XIX century. in Kazakh literature were well represented themes and subjects of the best examples of classic literature of the East. Significant progress in education reform has occurred after the 60s. XIX century. In the 70's. XIX century in Akmola and Semipalatinsk regions operated dozens of elementary schools, high school opened, there were libraries, etc. Same thing is seen in all other regions of Kazakhstan. Important landmark in this process may assume opening a girls 'school in the regional centers, teachers' seminaries, mobile aul schools. Since the middle of the XIX century, resulting in strengthening of Islam most common form of training in Kazakhstan were aul Muslim schools.

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14