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Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev was born on July 6, 1940 in the village of Chemolgan Kaskelenskogo (nowadays Karasaysky) the region of Almaty area.
Graduated from the Dneprodzerzhinsk technical school (1960), the highest technical educational institution at the Karaganda iron and steel works (1967), the correspondence Higher party school at the Central Committee of CPSU (1976). Doctor of Economics, academician.
Labor activity of the beginnings in 1960 at the Karaganda iron and steel works in Temirtau the general worker where passed a way to the senior gas-man of a blast furnace. Since 1969 it is transferred to Komsomol and party work. On the highest state and party posts is since 1979, since election as the secretary of the Central Committee of Kompariya Kazakhstana (1979-1984), the First secretary of the Central Committee of a PDA (June 1989 September, 1991), at the same time - the member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of CPSU (1990-1991), the Chairman of the Supreme Council Kazakh the Soviet Socialist Republic (February-April 1990).
On April 24, 1990 N.A.Nazarbayev is elected the first President of the Kazakh CCP.1 of December 1991 the first national election of the president of the republic during which N.A.Nazarbayev got support of 98,7% of voters took place
On April 29, 1995 following the results of a national referendum of power of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan were prolonged till 2000.
Supreme Commander RK Armed forces, Chairman of the board of Safety of RK, Chairman of Assembly of the people of Kazakhstan, Chairman of the World Association of Kazakhs.
It is awarded by the highest awards and medals of Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan and a number of foreign countries.
87) Kazakhstan in the years of Khrushchev's reforms. Virgin and fallow lands: implications and lessons.
In the 1940s, Nikita Khrushchev was a close advisor to Stalin and a member of the elite Soviet Presidium by the beginning of the 1950s. When Khrushchev come to power of the Soviet Union came freedom of speech, release of political prisons etc. Khrushchev's attempts in reforming the Soviet industrial infrastructure led to his clashes with professionals in most branches of the Soviet economy. His reform of administrative organization created for him more problems. In a politically motivated move to weaken the central state bureaucracy in 1957, Khrushchev replaced the industrial ministries in Moscow with regional Councils of People's Economy, sovnarkhozes, causing himself many new enemies among the ranks in Soviet government. Eventually Khrushchev's power, although indisputable, was slowly eroding and never became comparable to that of Stalin's.
Khrushchev finally liberated millions of peasants; by his order the Soviet government gave them identifications, passports, and thus allowed them to move out of poor villages to big cities.
Massive housing construction, known as khrushchevkas, were undertaken during the 1950s and 1960s. Millions of cheap and basic residential blocks of low-end flats were built all over the Soviet Union to accommodate the largest migration ever in the Soviet history, when masses of landless peasants moved to Soviet cities.
The "Khrushchev's Thaw" caused unprecedented social, cultural and economic transformations in the Soviet Union.
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