Kazakhstan - an arsenal front during the Great Patriotic War

The main directions of foreign and domestic policy of the Soviet government on the eve of World War II. Political and economic and social situation of Kazakhstan. Beginning of Patriotic war. Mobilization of all forces on protection of the country. Evacuation of the population, the industrial enterprises, the equipment from front areas to Kazakhstan. Reorganization of life of the republic on a military harmony. Formation of military units and its difficulty. Participation of soldiers – Kazakhstan citizens in the largest battles.

Political mistrust and deportation of the separate people to Kazakhstan (Germans, Meskhetian Turks, Chechens, Karachays, etc.). Position of the deported people.

Efforts of fascists on formation of "A Turkestani legion" and tragic destinies of prisoners of war. The truth and fictions about M. Shokaye, etc.

Blockade of Leningrad. Address of the Kazakh poet Z.Zhabayev to Leningrad residents. Participation of Kazakhstan citizens in guerrilla movement.

Change in development of the industry of the republic. The help of Kazakhstan in restoration of the economy of cleared regions destroyed by war. Participation of Kazakhstan citizens in anti-fascist liberating fight of the people of Europe and in defeat of militaristic Japan. Historical value of a victory.

65) Kazakhstan during the "Khrushchev decade" (1953-1964).

In the 1940s, Nikita Khrushchev was a close advisor to Stalin and a member of the elite Soviet Presidium by the beginning of the 1950s. When Khrushchev come to power of the Soviet Union came freedom of speech, release of political prisons etc. Khrushchev's attempts in reforming the Soviet industrial infrastructure led to his clashes with professionals in most branches of the Soviet economy. His reform of administrative organization created for him more problems. In a politically motivated move to weaken the central state bureaucracy in 1957, Khrushchev replaced the industrial ministries in Moscow with regional Councils of People's Economy, sovnarkhozes, causing himself many new enemies among the ranks in Soviet government. Eventually Khrushchev's power, although indisputable, was slowly eroding and never became comparable to that of Stalin's.

Khrushchev finally liberated millions of peasants; by his order the Soviet government gave them identifications, passports, and thus allowed them to move out of poor villages to big cities.

Massive housing construction, known as khrushchevkas, were undertaken during the 1950s and 1960s. Millions of cheap and basic residential blocks of low-end flats were built all over the Soviet Union to accommodate the largest migration ever in the Soviet history, when masses of landless peasants moved to Soviet cities.

The "Khrushchev's Thaw" caused unprecedented social, cultural and economic transformations in the Soviet Union.

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