History of Kazakhstan as a science. The purpose and objectives of the study.

The history of the Kazakh people represents the most important part of a world history therefore its studying takes an important place in formation of historical consciousness of youth.

Kazakhs treat the Turkic people, take among them the fourth place on number and enter into the first ten on the occupied territory among people of the world. The ancestors of Kazakhs known in the history under various ethnics, passed a difficult historical way. For the long history Kazakhs made a worthy contribution to a world civilization. But in the period of colonial dependence the history, its past, its roots were taken away. Today the historical science of independent Kazakhstan is faced by huge and responsible tasks. It has to form historical consciousness of the people from objective positions.

History – not the sum of the separate facts, and the live, constantly developing chain, which links influence at each other throughout centuries and the millennia. The past doesn't disappear completely, and continues to live in the saved up experience of social life.

From the moment of independence finding by the Republic of Kazakhstan before society there was a task to exempt national history from distortions. Without history there are no people, independence is impossible without an accurate civic stand which in no small measure is based on knowledge, understanding of native history. And those who is engaged in political work professionally for whom the state activity defines a circle of daily cares and interests, feel communication with history constantly, and reliable information about the past in the opinion of the politician is so important, as information on the current events. Therefore for state and political figures the knowledge of history makes an indispensable element of the state and political wisdom.

The history of Kazakhstan studies history of the Kazakh people, history of the earth on which these people arose and formed the independent state, history of all people ever living or recent in Kazakhstan.

Our task – not only to learn Fatherland history, but to understand it, to her logician, to learn to formulate independently problems, to look for ways of their decision.According to many scientists, in the history of Kazakhstan were three outstanding historians of the international scale. This is Chokan Valikhanov, Alikhan Bukeykhanov and Sanzhar Asfendiyarov. Novelty of historical hypotheses made by them allowed them to take a worthy place among historians with world names.

Now, when we read "History of Kazakhstan" Sanzhar Asfendiyarova, it strikes with depth of thought and enormous width of erudition. The analysis of the scientific works written to the last period of life, especially brightly testifies that S. Asfendiyarov had extensive knowledge, owned historical methods of research, understood that the history is important for the people and it shouldn't be distorted, after all the history is a way which was under construction throughout many centuries.

S. Asfendiyarov wrote a large number of works on stories of Kazakhstan, such as: "History of Kazakhstan since the most ancient times", "The past of Kazakhstan in sources and materials", the monograph "National Liberation Revolt of 1916 in Kazakhstan", "Sketches of History of Kazakhs", "World Tent".

S. Asfendiyarov undoubtedly made a special contribution to development of Kazakhstan, in a raising of consciousness of the people. It forever remains to one of the most considerable figures in the history of the state.

3)Kazakhstan in the Bronze Age. “Andronovo culture."

The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy of bronze as the materials of some implements and weapons. The Bronze Age is a period extended between the Stone Age and Iron Age.

Tin bronze technology requires set of production techniques. Tin must be mined and smelted separately. So, about chronology of bronze age, The Bronze Age primarily took place between 3500 BC and 1200 BC, and is traditionally divided into the Early Bronze Age (c.3500-2000 BC), Middle Bronze Age (c.2000-1600 BC), and Late Bronze Age (c.1600-1200 BC), with progressively more used metallurgy which culminates in the discovery of ironworking.

Andronovo culture. In the 1914 year near the village Andronovo in the Enisei river valley, southern Siberia, several burial grounds containing skeletons in crouched position and pottery with very rich decoration were discovered. Archaeologists gave the name Andronovo to the distinctive Bronze Age culture dated mostly to the 2nd millennium BC. The Andronovo Culture covers a vast portion of western Asia. Signs of Andronovo culture. Entombments of that time are represented by cemeteries consisting of one or several tens of the tombs surrounded with round or rectangular fencing of stone. Buried were laid on the left side in fetal position, head to the west or southwest and quite often nearby were found copper beads or a bronze knife. The Andronovs pottery is covered with complex ornament of triangles, rhombuses, meanders and other geometrical shapes. The whole material of complex testifies about a high economical and cultural level of the Bronze Age.

5) Mohammed Haydar Dulati and his work "Tarikh-i Rashidi."

Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat Beg (1499 or 1500–1551) was a Chagatai Turko-Mogol military general, ruler of Kashmir, and a historical writer.

His historical work Tarikh-i-Rashidi (History of Rashid) is a personal memoir combined with a Central Asian history. Mirza Muhammad Haidar devoted this extensive work, written in Kashmir from 1541 to 1546 in two volumes.

Mohammed Haidar Dulati wrote this work in the Persian language, leaning on transferred from generation to generation stories about the past дулатов, legends могулов, the classified documents which have remained in palaces of mogulsky khans, attestations of eyewitnesses and the supervision. The author also used historical works of such known scientists of the past, as Zhuveyni, Zhamal Karshi, Rasheed ad-Din Ali Yazdi, Abdurazak Samarkandi. All this allows to characterize this work as the historical directory based on clear contemporary records. Mohammed Haidar Dulati left very valuable data concerning medieval history of Kazakhs. "Tarikhi Rashidi" contains many data on formation of the Kazakh khanate, the followed events in Semirechje and East Desht-i-Kypchake, Mogulistan's falling, feudal wars, establishment of the friendly unions between Kazakhs, кыргызами and Uzbeks in fight against the external enemy. In work also there are many valuable data on economic and social situation of the Southern and East Kazakhstan in the XV-XVI centuries, city and agricultural culture, historical geography of Semirechya, Medieval Kazakhstan.

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