Read the text. The pitot-static system is a source of pressure for operations of the following flight instruments:

FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

The pitot-static system is a source of pressure for operations of the following flight instruments:

1) Altimeter.

2) Vertical Speed Indicator.

3) Airspeed Indicator.

The Altimeter. The altimeter measures the height of the aircraft above a given level. Since it is the only instrument that gives altitude information, the altimeter is one of the important instruments in the aircraft. To use this altimeter effectively, the pilot must thoroughly understand its principle of operation and the effect of barometric pressure and the temperature on the altimeter.

Vertical Speed Indicator. The vertical speed indicator shows whether the aircraft is climbing, descending, or in level flight. The rate of climb or descent is indicated in feet per minute. If properly calibrated, this indicator registers zero in level flight.

The Airspeed Indicator. The airspeed indicator is a sensitive, differential-pressure gauge that measures and shows promptly the difference between (1) pitot, or impact, pressure, and (2) static pressure, the undisturbed atmospheric pressure at flight level.

The following flight instruments contain gyroscopes:

1) Turn and slip indicator.

2) Heading indicator (directional gyro).

3) Attitude indicator (artificial horizon or gyro-horizon).

Turn and Slip Indicator. Turn and slip indicator was one of the first modern instruments used for controlling an aircraft without visual reference to the ground or horizon. It is a combination of two instruments, a ball and a turn needle.

The Heading Indicator. The heading indicator(or directional gyro) is designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass.

The Attitude Indicator. The attitude indicator (or artificial horizon or gyro-horizon) with its miniature aircraft and horizon bar is the one instrument that gives a picture of the attitude of the real aircraft.

Answer the following questions to the text.

a) What is the pitot-static system?

b) What does the altimeter measure?

c) What does Vertical Speed Indicator show?

d) What does the Airspeed Indicator measure and show?

e) What flight instruments contain gyro scopes?

f) What is Turn and Slip Indicator used for?

g) What is the Heading Indicator designed for?

h) What are other names for the Attitude Indicator?

i) What is the Attitude Indicator used for?

Speak about each of the instruments mentioned in the text. Use the following structure.

(Name of the instrument)

measures shows is used for gives

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