Body structure

CONTENTS

1. Unit 1. Body Structure. ………………………………………………… 4

2. Unit 2. Cells. …………………………………………………………… 10

3. Unit 3. Tissues. ………………………………………………………… 20

4. Unit 4. Organs and Organ Systems..…………………………………… 30

5. Unit 5. Blood. ………………………………………………………….. 38

6. Unit 6. The Cardiovascular System. …………………………………… 48

7. Unit 7. The Vascular System. ……..…………………………………… 59

8. Unit 8. The Lymphatic System. ………………………………………… 64

9. Unit 9. The Respiratory System.………………………………………… 71

10. Unit 10. The Nervous System...………………………………………… 80

Reference Literature 92

UNIT 1

BODY STRUCTURE

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

Human anatomy (1) can be precisely defined as a basic medical science, which deals with the scientific study of morphology of human body. In simpler words, human anatomy is the study of structure of human body. There are two main levels of structure of human body: macroscopic level (2) and microscopic level(3). For each of the two levels, there is a separate subdivision of anatomy. The one dealing with macroscopic level is known as gross anatomy (4) and the other which deals with microscopic level is called microscopic anatomy(5) or histology(6). Human gross anatomy is the examination of body structures that can be seen without a microscope. There are two approaches for gross anatomy: regional approach(7) and systemic approach(8). Regional anatomy (9) (topographical anatomy(10)) is the method of studying the body by regions(11), such as the thorax (12) and abdomen(13). In regional approach, human body is divided into regions like arm, forearm, wrist etc and all structures within that region are studied simultaneously. Systemic anatomy (14) is the method of studying the body by systems. The body is divided into organ systems (15) such as skeletal system(16), muscular system(17), nervous system (18) etc and structures belonging to one system are studied together. Histology or microscopic anatomy is the study of the structure of various organs (19) and tissues (20) of human body under a microscope.

1. анатомія людини 2.макроскопічний рівень 3.мікроскопічний рівень 4.макроскопічна анатомія 5.мікроскопічна анатомія 6.гістологія 7.регіональний підхід 8.системний підхід 9.регіональна анатомія 10.топографічна анатомія 11. ділянками тіла 12.грудна клітка 13.черевна порожнина 14.систематична анатомія 15.системи органів 16.скелетна система 17.м’язова система 18.нервова система 19.органи 20.тканини

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

Будова людського тіла; вивчати будову людського тіла по системах; зап’ясток; людське тіло; морфологія людини; наукове дослідження; неозброєним оком; передпліччя; підрозділ; фундаментальна медична наука.

Exercise 3. Study the following figures and do the exercises below.

Figure 1. Common terms for body Figure 2. Common terms for body

regions, anterior view. regions, posterior view.

1 3 1

2 5 2

6 7 4 5

8 6

9 7 10 16 …

11 12 8 9

14 15 10 11

12 16 17

20 21 13

22

23 24

25 15

Exercise 4. Label the anterior view of the body regions with the terms below.

Ankle; arm; armpit; breast; chest; cranium; eye; face; fingers; foot; forearm; forehead; groin; hand; head; inner elbow; knee; kneecap; leg; mouth; navel; palm; pubis; thigh; toes; wrist.

Exercise 5. Label the posterior view of the body regions with the terms below.

Arm; back of knee; base of skull; buttock; calf; crown; deltoid; flank; hip; lower extremity; neck; sacrum; shoulder; shoulder blade; small of back; sole of foot; upper extremity.

Exercise 6. Fill in the table.

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30