Progress Test. 1. Join the sentences in two ways, with or without which/that.

1. Join the sentences in two ways, with or without which/that.

a) A lot of rubbish is floating in the sea. It is a real danger to health.

b) The problem of soil erosion is discussed in this chapter. It has occurred ever since the man began destroy forests.

c) Nuclear energy comes from the energy stored within the nuclei of atoms. They are the basic building blocks of all matter.

d) The best things in life such as water and air are free. We often take it for granted.

e) The manufacture of one PC requires 28kg of liquid chemicals. All liquid chemicals have to be neutralized by a further 11 kg of sodium hydroxide.

f) An average PC consumes 100 watts of electricity when switched on but not in use. 100 watts of electricity is equivalent to a bright light bulb.

g) New machines use no more than 30 watts. They are given the Energy Star Logo.

h) In 1993 the USA introduced the Energy Star Logo. The ESL eliminated the need to build 10 extra power stations.

i) In the USA computers use 5 % of commercial power. By 2010 the use of commercial power by computers could rise to 15 %, or 100 billion kilowatt-hours per year.

j) Some factories had developed manufacturing processes. This processes considerably cut the amount of wastes produced.

2. Join the sentences with to, in order (not) to, so that or for.

a) European countries formed a work group. The purpose of the work group is to work out the measures that will limit computer dumping.

b) Old computers can be used in schools and colleges. They must be dismantled and adapted.

c) Manufacturers are encouraged to make a lot of changes to their products. New products need to be more easily recycled.

d) Hewlett-Packard takes back old computers, faxes, printers, etc. It disassembles the office equipment, reconditions its components.

e) Hewlett-Packard disassembles old computing equipment, reconditions its subassemblies. They are used as spare parts for customer’s existing equipment.

f) Manufacturers spend a lot of time and money for various retraining programmes. They need to retrain designers, engineers and assembly workers to perform environmentally friendly computer design and manufacturing.

3. Complete the sentences using the most suitable adverb from the box.

unusually confidently absolutely highly badly quickly well (х2) safely

a) I can’t think ……… when I’m in a hurry or upset about something.

b) This year spring is going to be……… hot in this region.

c) These are ………reliable statistics on industrial waste for the last five years.

d) I wanted to increase the pressure in the apparatus but I wasn’t sure if I could do it ……….

e) Though I was very nervous I tried to speak ……….

f) This ……… operating machine for producing hamburgers is a real wander!

g) What we need is a ……… equipped laboratory and ……… enthusiastic specialists.

h) Nick feels so homesick, he ……… misses his parent and friends

4. Look at the pictures and with a partner discuss the environmental problems they illustrate. Write a paragraph of about 150 words to describe the picture you have chosen.

 

 

 

Self study

Does one soldier make a battle? The state of the environment today has reached a crisis point. This crisis stems largely from humankind’s attempts at “development” – that is, our efforts to make our lives more sophisticated, more comfortable and more satisfying.. We have misused and polluted the planet out of self interest. We are only beginning to take this seriously now that it is clear that the unprecedented human pressure on the Earth's ecosystems threatens our self interest – our future as a species. The range of the world’s environmental problems is so wide and the consequences are so devastating that it is hard to believe that any action by one person or small community will make any difference. Bu the ancient Chinese adage says that a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. It is time to take this step, explore the facts, discuss the issues and share your thoughts. Search the sitePlanet Under Pressure http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/2004/planet/default.stm   Use these questions and tasks to guide you. ü Intoduction Read the introductory article to the series of the six environmental issues facing the human race today: food, energy, water, climate change, biodiversity and pollution. Why these areas have been chosen for the series? Choose one part, study the article, graphs, photos; do the quiz; read people comments and summarize the main points in a diagrammic way. ü Animated guide How much will the Earth warm by 2100? Study the diagrammes describing the sources of greenhouse effect and its influence on glaciers and Gulf Streem. ü Kyoto era dawns What measures does the international community take to ease greenhouse gas emissions pressure? What is the Kyoto protocol aimed at? How many greenhouse gases re covered by the Kyoto protocol? Which European countries did sign the agreement? ü Changing world Look at the photos of environmental change around the world. Take photos in your city/town illustrating this change and supplement the photos with captions explaining the change. ü Kyoto era dawns How has the world changed under the effect of human activity? Look at the photos by Gary Braasch. Which pair of pictures impressed you most? Why? ü Talking Point Listen to or watch a phone-in programme on climate change. What are the priorities for world’s leaders to combat climate change? Read a selection of comments and write an e-mail to the programme sharing your thoughts on the point. ü Green gardening Where According to the Planet Under Pressure series can the first steps toward solving environmental issues begin? What kind of competition was held at the project? Saving the planet Read teenager’s ideas on how they would tackle environmental damage. Choose two of them and comment on them.

Managing your learning Digrammes have the potential to capture a lot of information on a single page. They help to show the conceptual links between ideas and allows to add additional material without the need to crowd the page.   While drawing diagrammes - use lines, colours, branches, arrows or some other ways of showing connections between ideas; - leave lots of space to highlight things, add information or add questions and words; - write down key ideas in capitals as they are easier to read in a diagramme and explanatory notes in lower case.

NB! All the task must be completed in a written form and test results printed

out, photos enclosed.

“The future is always beginning now” Mark Strand     Learning Goals     v to organize information in a timeline v to use timelines and time/sequence expressions for narrating and reporting v to write a summary of articles and reports v to learn how to show relationships between ideas v to talk about the latest and perspective achievements in science v to revisit Future Tense

Unit 1 The 20^th Century and Beyond

Lead In

1) What are the greatest achievements in major fields of science in recent 50 years? And what are the challenges?

2) Work with a partner. Come up with 3 most important scientific or technological innovations for the last decade. Have any of these innovations affected you personally?

3) Name the modern inventions for the last 50 years you could not live without?

Reading

1. Read the introductory part to the report at the UNESCO/ICSU World Conference on Science (WCS) below and answer the questions.

a) What kind of discoveries does the author focus on?

b) What have been the unforeseen consequences of advances in science?

c) How do the authors prove that “science finds itself in a challenging

situation”?

d) According to the report what is the greatest achievement in the 20^th century?

e) Are the authors optimistic about science in future?

Дата добавления: 2015-10-30