II. The Past Perfect Progressive Tense

Exercise 1

Translate into Russian and comment on the use of the Past Perfect Progressive Tense.

1. They had been living in this city for almost three years when their son came back to the USA.

2. We felt very tired when we came home because we had been walking in the rain for a long time.

3. It had been raining for two hours already when we left home.

4. Mark tried to stop Dinny, who had been talking for the last ten minutes.

5. Angela rose from the arm-chair in which she had been sitting.

6. David saw that Margie had been weeping, but didn't say anything.

7. I thought that he had come to talk about the problem which we had been already discussing for hours.

8. She had been learning French for five years before she could speak fluently.

9. How long had you been waiting before he came?

Exercise 2

Make up sentences from the words given in brackets to extend the situations.

► Pattern: I looked out of the window. The sun was shining. But the ground was wet. (It/to rain) It had been raining.

1. Mary woke up suddenly. She was frightened. (She/to dream)

2. Jim came home. He was tired. His hands were dirty. (He/to work/in the garden)

3. She was tired and angry when I came home. The first thing she told me was that she hated music. (Our neighbour/to practise/the piano)

4 When I entered the room no one was smoking. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (Someone/to smoke/in the mom)

5. Ben felt frustrated. He was staring hopelessly at the lock. (He/to try/to open his own door/an hour)

6. When Mother came home, Jack and Larry were in different rooms. They didn't want to talk and Larry had a black eye. (They/to fight)

7. When the test was over, the students looked really tired. (They/to write/two hours)

8. Betty came from the beach. Her eyes were red. (She/to lie/in the sun/too much)

9. When the children came home, dinner was ready, but Carol was tired and couldn't eat at all. (She/to cook/since morning)

10. When he got up from the table, his eyes hurt and his head was going to burst. (He/to read up/for the exam)

10. When Jane opened her eyes, the first thing she saw was deep snow lying everywhere. She ran up to the window. There had been no snow the day before. (It/to snow/all night)

Exercise3

Join the following sentences. Use the Past Perfect Progressive Tense in the main clause.

> Pattern: They began watching TV. After half an hour their parents came.

They had been watching TV for half an hour when their parents came.

1. We had arranged to meet in the cafe. I came and began waiting. After fifteen minutes I realised that I had come to the wrong cafe.

2. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson went to live to Sussex. Six months later their son joined them.

3. We started to play football at about three. Somewhere about half past three it began to rain.

4. Bernard couldn't calm the baby down. It was crying. After fifteen minutes his wife came.

5. The teacher left the room. The boys began to fight. After ten minutes the teacher came back and they were still fighting.

6. Jane came home. She realized that she had forgotten her keys. She tried to find them in her handbag. After ten minutes her husband came with the keys.

7. Mother started cooking dinner. After ten minutes Hazel came to help her.

8. Brian was trying to fix his car. After three hours he gave up the idea.

9. Faith sat down and began to write her report. After half an hour her sister called her.

10. She worked for this company. After 25 years she retired.

11. My sister studied French. Then, after five years, she went to France.

12. Pete began to play chess when he was six. He took part in his first tournament when he was ten.

13. The orchestra began playing. After ten minutes a man ran into the hall.

14. The family began watching an interesting film. After half an hour the TV broke down.

15. We settled down in London. After a fortnight our two cousins joined us.

16. We sat down to dinner. After five minutes the door-bell rang.

17.Margaret went to the park. After ten minutes she realized she had forgotten to close the door.

Exercise 4

Ask questions to the sentences from Exercise 3 beginning with HOW LONG.

> Pattern: They had been watching TV for half an hour when their parents came.

How long had they been watching TV when (before) their parents came?

Exercise 5

Use the Past Simple or the Past Perfect Progressive Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. He (to look) at her. He (to know) she (to cry).

2. She (to tell) him about her plan, which she (to think of) all morning.

3. Molly (to close) the book which she (to read) and (to look up) at her mother.

4. Through the window he (to see) the room where they (to sit) the previous night.

5. Paul (to think) for some time before he (to dare) to answer.

6. They (to sit down) to dinner which Mother (to cook) all morning.

7. How long Tony (to read) when this terrible accident (to happen)?

8. When 1 (to come) everyone (to stop) talking. They (to talk) about my birthday and the presents and (not to want) to tell me anything beforehand.

9. When the lesson (to be) over, the teacher (to ask) the students to turn in the tests they (to write) since its beginning.

10. How long this man (to stand) there and (to watch) you before you (to notice) him?

11. How long they (to wait) for a taxi before it (to come)?

Exercise 6

Use the Past Simple, the Past Progressive, the Past Perfect or the Past Perfect Progressive Tense instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. When he (to come) home, he (to see) that something (to happen). His wife (to cry). Someone (to smoke) in the room, though no one (to smoke) in his family.

2. Tony (to return) to the book he (to read) before his mother (to enter). He (to try) to concentrate, but he couldn't. Her last words still (to ring) in his ears.

3. The town (not to be) large, but he (not to be) sorry that he (to come) there. His parents (to live) in this very street for 30 years before they all (to leave) for London!

4. Who (to sit) here before I (to come)?

5. He (to go) back to the drawing-room. His wife (to stand) near the window. She still (to look) at the garden. The leaves (to fall) down all night, and the trees (to stand) bare and (to whisper) something... When William (to come) back he (to see) that his wife (to try) to keep back tears...

6. When he (to dress), he (to go) downstairs and (to write) a long letter to his sister who (to stay) at her friends'.

7. She (to phone) and (to call) a taxi. She (to sit) and (to wait) only five minutes when a car (to come). She (to rush) to the station where Mike (to wait) already.

8. I (not to be) here ten minutes before your brother (to come in).

9. Dave (to enter) the room. Margie (to read). She (to look up) at him and (to smile). Their two sons (to sit) and (to watch) TV. They (not to talk) to each other. Dave (to see) they (to quarrel).

10. I (to try) to remember what I (to do) yesterday before he (to call). 'What you (to do) in the last ten minutes before his call?' the inspector (to keep) asking. But I (not to remember) anything at all.

11. Eighteen years (to go) since he first (to come) into this house. He still (to remember) every detail of that first day. When he (to come) and Gerry (to introduce) him and everybody (to sit down), he (to notice) that one place at the table (to be) free. They (not to eat) fifteen minutes before Betty (to enter). She (to murmur) 'Good day' and (to go) straight to her room. Her mother (to apologize), but he (to sit) and (to look) after her and (not to hear) what Mrs. Gordon (to say).

12. She (to wait) for half an hour already. Mrs. Lamb was late. She (to look through) the newspaper she (to buy) and thought she (to come) in vain or... she (to get) her mes-

sage wrong? But Mrs. Lamb (to write) clearly: "In the park".

13. 'What are you thinking of?' he (to ask) after he (to look at) her a few seconds. But she (not to answer). She (to try) to gather her thoughts.

13.Presently he (to turn) to greet his workmate, who (to wait) for the bus, too. He (to stand) at the bus-stop already when John (to come) there.

Exercise7

Translate into English.

A

1. Кейт села в машину и поехала домой. Всю дорогу она думала о письме, которое получила накануне.

2. — С кем ты вчера разговаривал, когда я встретил тебя?

— С приятелем. Он два дня назад вернулся из Бостона. Мы говорили уже минут десять, когда ты нас увидел.

3. — Что ты делал вчера в это время?

— Точно не помню. Я готовился к экзамену. Я занимался уже часа два, когда мне позвонила Джейн и напомнила о том, что мы договорились пойти в театр.

4. — Почему ты вчера не ждал меня в кафе, как мы договорились?

— Но я пришел туда в пять. Тебя там не было. Я ждал полчаса...

— Нет, это я прождала полчаса, прежде чем решила уйти. Мы же договорились встретиться в четыре!

5. Когда она вошла в квартиру, то сразу поняла, что в ней побывали взломщики, так как дверь была открыта и все вещи лежали не на своих местах. Кроме того, они сломали шкаф, в котором она всегда хранила ценности... Точнее, хранила раньше.

6. Когда Вы вошли, я как раз рассказывала Джулии, что мы отлично провели отпуск.

7. Они пытались перевести статью уже полчаса, прежде чем пришла Кэтрин и помогла им. Она когда-то изучала немецкий и ещё не забыла его.

8. Марджи повесила трубку, вздохнула и приступила к работе. Она не проработала и пяти минут, как телефон зазвонил снова.

9. Итен чинил машину уже три часа, когда Мэри позвала его обедать. Он пошёл в дом, вымыл руки и сел за стол. Мэри приготовила отличный обед — просто превосходный.

10. Тони сел за стол и начал читать. Он читал целый час, но прочёл всего двадцать страниц — книга была сложная — когда пришло время позвонить Майклу.

11. Она думала целый час, но ничего не придумала, и, когда пришло время отвечать, не знала что сказать.

В

1. Дорога была пустой. Ни машин, ни указателей. Он ехал уже полчаса, но еще не увидел той церкви, о которой ему говорила Лиз.

2. Брайан читал письмо. Он читал его уже целых 15 минут, но почерк был такой неразборчивый, что читать было очень тяжело.

3. Джоан рассматривала альбом со старыми фотографиями Хилари. Она всегда любила смотреть на старые фотографии, в них было что-то завораживающее. Но этот альбом был особенно хорош. Она рассматривала эти лица уже целый час, когда голос Хилари напомнил ей, что пора уходить.

4. Пит был недоволен. Он занимался этим делом с января, поговорил со множеством людей; но и теперь он знал не больше, чем тогда, когда взялся за него.

5. Вся семья работала в саду. Только Кэрол осталась дома, и теперь сидела в гостиной и слушала радио. Потом она задремала... Она спала уже час или полтора, когда пришел брат и начал ругать её за то, что она не пошла с ними.

III. The Future Perfect Progressive Tense

Translate into Russian and comment on the use of Future Perfect Progressive Tense.

1. They will have been working for five hours already when we come and join them.

2. By the first of June he'll have been working here for 14 years.

3. They will have been trying to solve this problem for two years by 1994.

4. She'll have been writing an essay since eight o'clock when her friends come.

5. The students will have been answering for a whole hour already by twelve o'clock.

6.She'll have been talking for two hours already by four. I want to use the phone, too.

7. Someone will have been playing the piano for three hours by twenty-three. They started at eight. When are they going to stop?

Exercise 2

Use the Future Perfect Progressive Tense or the Present Simple instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. He (to write) a letter for three hours when you (to come).

2. He (to learn) French for six years already when he (to enter) this college.

3. She (to watch) this film for an hour already when you (to ring) her up.

4. We (to have) dinner for half an hour tomorrow when he (to call) for us.

5. By July 1 she (to live) here for five years.

6. When you (to enter) the University you (to study) languages for more than ten years.

7. The painter (to work) on this landscape for almost a year by Christmas.

8. They (to quarrel) for more than an hour when the police (to come)!

9. The students (to read) up for their exam for more than

three hours already by the time we (to come) to the library and (to join) them!

10. They (to travel) for almost a year by Christmas, but they (not to want) to return.

11. They (to ask) me silly questions for two hours by twelve. Why they (not to stop)?

THE PASSIVE VOICE

I. The Past Simple Passive

Exercise 1

Match the achievements and the people.

> Pattern: The wireless was invented by Marconi.

> Use: the Past Simple Passive of the following verbs: to discover, to invent, to write, to make, to sing, to compose, to design, to name, to build, to paint, to shoot.

Mickey Mouse Thomas Edison

Greenland Alfred Hitchcock

penicillin Sir Christopher Wren

A Farewell to Arms George Orwell

St. Paul's Cathedral Gustav Eiffel

America the Beatles

the light bulb Verdi

Oliver Twist King Camp Gillette

gravity Picasso

the telephone Eric the Red

Aida Alexander Fleming

the Pyramids Ernest Hemingway

Guernica Geoige Gershwin

Psycho Isaak Newton

Lord of the Flies the Ancient Egyptians

Lord of the Rings Dickens

Yesterday Alexander Bell

the safety razor J. R. R. Tolkien

the Statue of Liberty Columbus

1984 William Golding

Porgy and Bess Walt Disney

Exercise 2

Make the following sentences passive according to the pattern. Give two variants when possible.

► Pattern: They showed me a very interesting book.

a) I was shown a very interesting book.

b) A very interesting book was shown (to) me.

1. My mother told me the news yesterday.

2. Their friends sent them their photographs last week.

3. Did they recommend you any good hotels?

4. The librarian showed the students how to find necessary books.

5. They allowed the children to go to the zoo.

6. They gave us a lot of money.

7. Her parents gave her a computer for her birthday.

8. They lent us some money.

9.My friend offered me a challenging job.

10.They pay him twice a month.

11. My mother teaches them English at school.

12. He promised me this book.

13. Did they show you that new Oxford Dictionary?

14. They sent presents to their relatives and friends.

15. The secretary gave the letter to her boss.

Exercise 3

Answer the questions in the Past Simple Passive according to the pattern.

► Pattern: Did they take care of him?

— Yes, he was taken care of.

1. Did they agree upon the terms?

2. Did the students listen to her with interest?

3. Did you send for the doctor?

4.Did they object to your proposal?

5. Did she rely on his information?

6. Did they wait for him?

7. Did he refer to this book in his report?

8. Did they dispose of the goods in short time?

9. Did the guests really laugh at him?

10. Did everyone find fault with her?

11. Did they put an end to this useless talk?

12. Did the public speak of that film a lot?

13. Did they really depend on this man?

14. Did you speak about this plan last night?

15. Did he insist upon this time?

16. Did they look into this matter?

17. Did the children interfere with his studies?

18. Did they make fun of him when he was a schoolboy?

19. Did the press comment upon that event?

20. Did many people ask for this book?

Exercise 4

Use the Past Simple Active or the Past Simple Passive instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1. They (to go) into the storeroom where some of the goods (to keep).

2. He (to make fun of)? But he never (to answer) back.

3. The flowers (to bring in) and (to put) into the blue vase. The first thing which Dinny (to see) when she (to come in) were those flowers.

4. The book (to put) on the shelf. No one (to take notice of) it.

5. The matter (to forget) by everyone. But Lanny (to remember).

6. Mark (to forget) to close the window. It (not to take notice of).

7. She (to operate on) by a distinguished surgeon. Soon she (to recover).

8. When the door (to close), he (to put down) his book. His pipe (to forget). He (to stare) in front of him.

9. He (to know) that the thief (to hide) by the darkness.

10. Tony's proposal (to turn down), but he (not to ask) why.

11. He (to tap) on the door. 'Who's here?' The questions (to ask) in a whisper.

12. Finally they (to persuade) him to go away. But he (to take in)?

13. 'Did they (to ask) you many questions?'

'No, the inspector only (to ask) me some not very important questions. The one which could cause us some trouble (not to ask).'

14. We (to receive) a lot of letters every day. Once we (to give) a letter which (to change) everything, though at the mo­ment it (not to pay attention to).

15. The book much (to speak about). It (to become) a bestseller.

16. The patient (to take care of) well.

17. He (not to ask) her any questions, but her story (to listen to) very attentively.

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