Speak on types of syllables in English

1. closed (has 1 vowel and ends with the consonant) bat,sell,it,dock,stump,off,track

2. r-controlled (An <r> comes after the vowel, ‘controlling’ the sound of the vowel) warm,sort,fir, pert, fur

3. open (has 1 vowel and it occures at the end of syllables) no,she,do,he,me,I,a

vi-o-let,ve-to,diet,zero

4. silent –e (The syllable ends with an <-e> as a signal that the main vowel is ‘long’.This final <e> has no sound of its own) ate,those,ice, lake,bone,vice,smile,grade

5. vowel team (The vowel sound is represented by two or more vowel letters. Most, but not all, of these vowel sounds are “long” vowel sounds.) day,see,pie,peace,piece,noise,toy,true

6. consonant +le (This syllable pattern is a consonant followed by <le>.It occurs only at the end of multisyllable words) little,terrible,cradle,able,incredible

Give 6 basic rules of Word Stress in English

There are two very simple rules about word stress:

1. One word has only one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. If you hear two stresses, you hear two words. Two stresses cannot be one word. It is true that there can be a "secondary" stress in some words. But a secondary stress is much smaller than the main [primary] stress, and is only used in long words.)

We can only stress vowels, not consonants.

Stress on first syllable

Most 2-syllable nouns -PRESent, EXport, CHIna, Table,

Most 2-syllable adjectives -PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

Stress on last syllable

Most 2-syllable verbs- to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN

3 Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)

Words ending in -ic - GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic

Words ending in -sion and –tion - teleVIsion, reveLAtion

4 Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)

Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy - deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy

Words ending in -al - CRItical, geoLOGical

Compound words (words with two parts)

For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part BLACKbird, GREENhouse

For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned

For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part to underSTAND, to overFLOW

Compound nouns, adjectives, verbs – list

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Speak on peculiarities of phonosemantics

Phonosemantics is relaterly new branch of phonetics. It study how phonetic features, sounds and intonation affect the realization of meaning in different contects and communication circumstances. The meaning of every word in every language is inpart inhirent in its form. Individual phonemes and phonetic featues are meaning baring. They each have own semantics, every words which contains a given phoneme bares an element of meaning. Which is absent in words. Not containing this phoneme. All phonemes which have a common phonetic feature also have a common element of meaning. The affect of the phoneme meaning various with a position that the phoneme bears within a syllable. On the most fundamental level a word is a reflexion.

A presence of a given phoneme in a word has a very specific semantic effect. This effect tends to resemble the articulation of the relevant phoneme.

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