Complete the sentences by filling in the missing word.

teeth	lungs	nose	taste
clothes	money	sick

Smoking cigarettes…

costs a lot of………………..

makes it hard to smell and ………. food.

stains your ……..

makes the smoker’s ……….. smell.

makes people ………………..

makes your ………. stuffy.

makes your ……… “dirty” so that it is hard to breathe.

Заняття 3.15 СНІД – загроза нації

1. Read and learn the following words:

to orphan	робити сиротою
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)	Вірус імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)	Синдром набутого імунодефіциту
to spread	розповсюджувати(сь)
sore	рана, виразка
syringe	шприц
to estimate	приблизно підраховувати
to be confined	бути обмеженим

2. Read and translate the text:

AIDS

AIDS is becoming one of the most important problems of the modern world. According to “AIDS Epidemic Update 2000” and the World Health Organization (WHO), the current number of people living with HIV or AIDS is 36.1 million, more than 50% higher than predicted in 1991. And this number is increasing every day, hour and minute. The greatest number of inhabitants sick with AIDS or HIV live in Africa. Over17 million Africans have already died of AIDS-three times the number of AIDS deaths in the rest of the world, orphaning 10 million or more African children.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) spreads only by direct contact with the virus. People who get AIDS get it by:

having unprotected sex (sex without condoms) with a person who has AIDS;

sharing a drug needle with someone who has AIDS;

getting blood from a person with AIDS;

birth from a mother with AIDS;

touching blood of a person who has AIDS where you have a cut or a sore.

Many people, mothers and their children were infected with the AIDS through the syringes and bad quality medical equipment. But the common way of getting infection is sex. The easiest way to be safe from the AIDS is to use condoms.

Ukraine has one of the fastest growing HIV/AIDS epidemics in the world. About 1.63 percent of Ukrainians, or about 756,300 citizens, were estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS in 2007, up from 1.46 percent of the population in 2005, or 685,600 citizens. The number of HIV/AIDS cases in Ukraine reduced by 200 or 3.9% to 4,900 in the period of January-November 2008, compared with the corresponding period of last year. Ukraine has one of the highest rates of increase of HIV/AIDS cases in Eastern Europe.

Identified in the country in 1987, HIV/AIDS appeared to be confined to a small population of foreign students until the mid-1990s, when a sudden and explosive epidemic emerged among injecting drug users in the southern and eastern regions of the country.

To prevent HIV and AIDS in Ukraine there’s Olena Franchuk AntiAIDS Foundation in Ukraine. It’s the first private organization and its goals are:

to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ukraine;

to reduce its escalation;

to support people living with HIV/AIDS by improving their quality of life.

The annual Ukrainian Fashion Week made a special clothes collection “Love Fashion AIDS”

3. Answer the following questions:

· What is one of the most important problems in the world?

· What is the current number of people living with HIV/AIDS?

· Where do the most HIV/AIDS sick people live?

· What is HIV?

· What ways of spreading HIV are there?

· Can a person get HIV touching a skin of a person with AIDS?\

· Can a person get HIV kissing a person with AIDS?

· Are there many persons with HIV/AIDS in Ukraine?

4. Translate the sentences:

1. Однією з основних проблем в сучасному світі є СНІД.

2. Кожної хвилини збільшується кількість хворих на СНІД.

3. В Африці кожна п’ята особа хворіє на СНІД.

4. Вірус імунодефіциту людини спричиняє СНІД.

5. Дитина одержує хворобу від ВІЛ-інфікованої матері.

6. Фонд Олени Франчук «АнтиСНІД» – перша приватна організація, що підтримує ВІЛ-інфікованих людей.

5. Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Correct them.

a Ukraine has the smallest number of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Europe?

a HIV/AIDS appeared in the former USSR in 1980s.

a In 1980s the sudden epidemic emerged among injecting drug users.

a The goal of Ukrainian Fashion Week is to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Ukraine.

a The Ukrainian Fashion Week made a hat collection “Love Fashion AIDS”.

a The North and Central Ukraine has the smallest number of adults living with HIV.

6. Match the words from the column A with the column B:

World Health	medical equipment
Life-threatening	epidemics
Bad quality	AntiAIDS Foundation
The fastest growing HIV/AIDS	Organization
The highest rates of	HIV/AIDS increase
Olena Franchuk	AIDS
Love Fashion	opportunity infections

7. Translate the following word-combinations and phrases into English:

Всесвітня організація здоров’я	Неякісне медичне обладнання
Найбільша кількість жителів хворих на СНІД чи ВІЛ;	Цілі першої приватної організації
Життєзагрожуючі інфекції	Вдосконалення якості їх життя

8. Make your own dialogue:

1. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?

a. HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial disease

b. There is no difference between HIV and AIDS

c. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

2. Is there a cure for AIDS?

a. yes

b. no

c. only available on prescription

3. Approximately how many people are living with HIV worldwide?

a. 33 Million

b. 23 Million

c. 13 Million

4. Can you get AIDS from sharing the cup of someone with HIV?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Only if you don't wash the cup

5. Can insects transmit HIV?

a. Yes

b. No

c. Only mosquitoes

6. HIV can make a person ill because…

a. It makes a person lose weight very suddenly

b. It reduces the body's core temperature

c. It attacks the immune system

7. HIV is believed to have evolved from a similar virus found in which animal?

a. Baboon

b. Chimpanzee

c. Elephant

Заняття 3.16 Засоби масової інформації

1. Read and learn the following words:

Mass media	засоби масової інформації	portability	портативність
feature	риса	newscast	огляд новин
handwritten	написаний рукою	to focus	зосереджуватися
newssheet	листівка	profound	глибокий
bookseller	продавець книг	cover	обкладинка
entertaining	розважальний	binding	переплетіння

2. Read and translate the text:

Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. People are united into a global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television.

The earliest kind of mass media was newspaper. The first newspaper was Roman handwritten newssheet called “Acta Diurna” started in 59 B.C. Magazines appeared in 1700’s. They developed from newspaper and booksellers’ catalogs. Radio and TV appeared only in 20th century.

The most exciting and entertaining kind of mass media is television. It brings moving pictures and sounds directly to people’s homes. So one can see events in faraway places just sitting in his or her chair.

Radio is widespread for its portability. It means that radios can easily be carried around. People like listening o the radio on the beach or picnic, while driving a car or just walking down the street. The main kind of radio entertainment is music.

Newspapers can present and comment on the news in much detail in comparison to radio and TV newscasts. Newspapers can cover much more events and news.

Magazines do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more profound analysis of events of proceeding week. Magazines are designed to be kept for a longer time so they have cover and binding and printed on better paper.

3. Answer the following questions:

✆ What kinds of mass media do you know?

✆ What was the earliest kind of mass media?

✆ Why is the television so exciting?

✆ What is the reason for widespread use of radios?

✆ What advantages do newspapers have over the other kinds of mass media?

✆ What is the difference between a newspaper and a magazine?

4. Which of the following statements are true and which are false? Correct the false sentences:

☏ Mass media are not a characteristic feature of modern civilization.

☏ The mass media consist of publications, radio and TV.

☏ One f the earliest kind of mass media was TV.

☏ “Acta Diurna” is the first newspaper in the world.

☏ Magazines appeared later than newspapers.

☏ Television is one of the most boring kinds of mass media.

☏ The main feature of radio is its portability.

☏ Magazines focus on daily events.

5. Translate the sentences:

✆ Перша листівка видавалася з 59 року до н.е.

✆ І радіо і телебачення з’явилися у ХХ ст.

✆ Події з далеких місць легко можна побачити завдяки телебаченню.

✆ Люди можуть принести радіо навіть на пляж.

✆ Ти можеш слухати музику, скориставшись радіо.

✆ Газети забезпечують більше деталей подій, ніж телевізійні новини.

✆ Журнали пропонують глибший аналіз подій минулого тижня.

✆ Журнали зберігаються довгий час, тому вони переплетені.

6. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the box:

☏ ______ appeared later than newspapers.

☏ Radio and ______ appeared after newspapers and magazines.

☏ You can easily carry ______ around.

☏ Because of ______ you can learn about what happening in the world.

☏ The first ______ was “Acta Diurna” – Roman handwriting newssheet.

7. Translate the following words and word-combinations as in the text:

Доступний, через, замість, увійти в, величезний, система освіти, опирається на, весь клас, завдання, досягнення, чільна форма.

8. Join the words:

a) Civilization b) Community c) Newssheet d) Exciting e) Entertaining f) Widespread g) Portability h) Comparison i) TV newscasts			1)порівняння 2)розповсюджений 3)листівка 4)теленовини 5)розважальний 6)цивілізація 7)захоплюючий 8)спільнота 9)портативність

9. Now divide into groups and find benefits and dangers of television.

Benefits of television	Dangers

✆ Television helps us to learn more about the world and to know and see many new things.

✆ Television can make us passive. We don’t have to think and our brains become lazy.

✆ It has increased the popularity of sports and arts.

✆ It takes time away from activities such s reading, conversation, and games.

✆ It is an enjoyable way to relax.

✆ It encourages us to buy things that we don’t need, and can make us unhappy with our own lives.

✆ It has made us aware of our global responsibilities. In 1985, for example, 1.5 billion people in 147 countries watched TV pop concert and helped to collect more than $100 million for people in Africa.

10. Read the following information:

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