Студопедия
Случайная страница | ТОМ-1 | ТОМ-2 | ТОМ-3
АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатика
ИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханика
ОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторика
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансы
ХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

The Sentence of a Court in Britain

Читайте также:
  1. A phrase or sentence built by (tiresome) repetition of the same words or sounds.
  2. A Read the text again and choose the correct ending to each sentence.
  3. A Read the text again quickly and complete sentences 1-6.
  4. A) Order the words to make sentences.
  5. A) This recipe was seen in a college canteen in Eastbourne, Britain.
  6. A). Look at the calendar which shows his arrangements for the next few months and then make up sentences, as in the example.
  7. A. Match the questions and answers. Complete the sentences.

If it is someone's first offence and the crime is a small one, even a guilty person is often unconditionally discharged. He or she is set free without punishment.

The next step up the ladder is a conditional discharge. This means that the guilty person is set free but if he or she commits another crime within a stated time, the first crime will be taken into account. He or she may also be put on probation, which means that regular meetings with a social worker must take place.

A very common form of punishment for minor offences is a fine, which means that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.

Another possibility is that the convicted person is sentenced to a certain number of hours of community service.

Wherever possible, magistrates and judges try not to imprison people. This costs the state money, the country's prisons are already overcrowded and prisons have a reputation for being “schools for crime”. Even people who are sent to prison do not usually serve the whole time to which they were sentenced. They get “remission” of their sentence for “good behavior”.

There is no death penalty in Britain, except for treason. It was abolished for all other offences in 1969. Although public opinion polls often show a majority in favor of its return, a majority of MPs has al­ways been against it. For murderers there is an obligatory life sen­tence. However, “life” doesn't normally mean life.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

 

1. A person may be unconditionally discharged if it is someone's first offence and the crime is a small one.

2. A conditional discharge means that the guilty person is set free even after committing another crime within a stated time.

3. To be put on probation means to have regular meetings with a social worker.

4. A very common form of punishment for serious offences is a fine.

5. A convicted person may be sentenced to some hours of community service.

6. Magistrates and judges try always to imprison people.

7. The country's prisons have a reputation for being “schools for life”.

8. The prisoners “remission” of their sentence for “good behavior”.

9. There is still a death penalty in Britain.

10. For murderers there is an obligatory life sen­tence in Britain.

 

IV. Answer the questions:

 

1. What are the most common types of punishment in Britain?

2. Should fine be imposed for minor offences?

3. What does a conditional discharge of a person mean?

4. Do magistrates and judges have the power to imprison people?

5. For what crimes are the people punished by life sentence?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  There is no death penalty in Britain, a even a guilty person is often unconditionally discharged.
  The convicted person may be sentenced b that the guilty person has to pay a sum of money.
  A fine as a form of punishment for minor offences means c except for treason.
  A conditional discharge means that the guilty person is set free d to a certain number of hours of community service.
  If it is someone's first offence and the crime is a small one, e but if he commits another crime, the first crime will be taken into account.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

TEXT 40. MONARCHY

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

 

Executive power – виконавча влада, to dissolve – розпускати, constitutional role – конституційна роль, commander-in-chief – головнокомандувач, legislative power – законодавча влада, judicial power – судова влада.

II. Listen to the text:

Monarchy

The head of state and theoretical source of executive, judicial and legislative power in the UK is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. However, sovereignty in the UK no longer rests with the monarch, since the English Bill of Rights in 1689, which established the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty. Despite this the Monarch remains Head of State, like a President in European (but not American) political tradition.

Originally the monarch possessed the right to choose any British citizen to be her Prime Minister and could call and dissolve Parliament whenever he or she wished. Other royal powers called royal prerogative, such as patronage to appoint ministers and the ability to declare war, are exercised by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet, with the formal consent of the Queen.

Today the Sovereign has an essentially ceremonial role restricted in exercise of power by convention and public opinion. However the monarch does continue to exercise three essential rights: the right to be consulted, the right to advise and the right to warn. Prime ministers have weekly confidential meetings with the monarch. In formal terms, the Crown in Parliament is sovereign even though in practical terms the political head of the UK is the Prime Minister.

However, the real powers of position of the Monarch in the British Constitution should not be downplayed. The monarch does indeed retain some power, but it has to be used with discretion. She fulfils the necessary constitutional role as head of state and acts as a final check on executive power. If a time came to pass, for instance, when a law threatened the freedom or security of her subjects, the Queen could decline royal assent, free as she is from the eddies of party politics. Furthermore, armed removal of Parliament or Government would be difficult, as the Monarch remains commander-in-chief of the armed forces, who swear an oath of allegiance to her.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. The head of state and theoretical source of power in the UK is the Queen.

2. The source of executive and legislative power in the UK is the Prime Minister.

3. Sovereignty in the UK no longer rests with the monarch.

4. The Monarch remains Head of State, like a President in American political tradition.

5. Originally the monarch could call and dissolve Parliament whenever he or she wished.

6. Royal property is powers called royal prerogative.

7. The Prime Minister appoints ministers with the formal consent of the Queen.

8. Today the Sovereign has an essentially ceremonial role.

9. Prime ministers have monthly confidential meetings with the monarch.

10. The Crown in Parliament is absolutely sovereign.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. Who is the theoretical source of executive and legislative power in the UK?

2. Does the monarch possess the right to call and dissolve Parliament?

3. What is called royal prerogative?

4. Do the Prime Minister and the Cabinet need the formal consent of the Queen for their actions?

5. What essential rights does the monarch continue to exercise?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  The monarch does indeed retain some power, a like a President in European (but not American) political tradition.
  The real powers of position of the Monarch in the British Constitution b is the British monarch.
  Today the Sovereign has an essentially ceremonial role c but it has to be used with discretion.
  The Monarch remains Head of State, d restricted by convention and public opinion.
  The head of state and theoretical source of executive, judicial and legislative power in the UK e should not be downplayed.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

TEXT 41. HISTORY OF BRITISH MONARCHY

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

 

To reign – правити, precisely – точно, decolonisation – процес звільнення колоній, Commonwealth – співдружність незалежних держав, to a large extent – великою мірою, to evolve – розвиватися, a convention – зібрання.

 

II. Listen to the text:

History of British Monarchy Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch as its Head of the State. The monarch reigns with the support of Parliament. The powers of the monarch are not defined precisely. Everything today is done in the Queen’s name. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. She appoints all the Ministers including the Prime Minister. Everything is done however on the advice of the elected Government, and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.Once the British Empire included a large number of countries all over the world. The process of decolonisation began in 1947 with the independence of India, Pakistan and Ceylon. Now there is no Empire and only few small islands belong to Britain. In 1997 the last colony, Hong Kong, was given to China. But the British ruling classes tried not to lose influence over the former colonies of the British Empire. An association of former members of the British Empire and Britain was founded in 1949. It is called the Commonwealth. It includes many countries such as Ireland, Burma, the Sudan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is also a Head of the Commonwealth, and also the Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The British Constitution is to a large extent a product of many historical events and has thus evolved over many centuries. Unlike the constitutions of most other countries, it is not set out in any single document. Instead it is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The constitution can be changed by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement to alter a convention.When the Queen was born on 21 April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle (King Edward VIII) brought her father to the throne in 1936 as King George VI. Elizabeth II came to the throne on 6 February 1952 and was crowned on 2 June 1953. Since then she made many trips to different countries. The Queen is very rich, as are other members of the royal family. In addition, the government pays for her expenses as Head of the State, for a royal yacht, train and aircraft as well as for the upkeep of several palaces. The Queen’s image appears on stamps, notes and coins.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

 

1. Great Britain is an absolute monarchy.

2. The monarch reigns regardless to British Parliament.

3. The monarch is an important part in the decision-making process.

4. The British Empire included a large number of countries in the Pacific area.

5. The process of decolonisation did not begin in the middle of the XX century with the independence of India, Pakistan and Ceylon.

6. An association of former members of the British Empire and Britain received the name of the Commonwealth.

7. The Queen of Great Britain is also a Head of the Commonwealth, except for Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.8. The constitution can be changed by Act of Parliament, and sometimes by general agreement to alter a convention.9. The Queen of Great Britain is a kind of a big traveller.10. The Queen is very rich, but other members of the royal family are much richer.

 

IV. Answer the questions:

 

1. Who is the Head of Great Britain?

2. What countries did the British Empire include?

3. What is the Commonwealth?

4. What product is the British Constitution?

5. Who pays for her Majesty’s expenses as Head of the State?

 

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  The Queen is very rich, a a product of many historical events.
  The constitution can be changed   b that means that it has a monarch as its Head of the State.
  The British Constitution is to a large extent c by Act of Parliament, or by general agreement.
  Everything is done on the advice of the elected Government, d as are other members of the royal family.
  Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy e and the monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.

 

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

TEXT 42. THE ROYAL FAMILY

 

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

A heir – спадкоємець, abdication – зречення, Commonwealth – співдружність країн, tradition of the “walkabout” – традиція “виходити в світ”, extinction – вимирання, keen – гострий, різкий, become outspoken – бути відвертим.

II. Listen to the text:

The Royal Family

At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI. As a child she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14. The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne after her father's death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953.

Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties are the regular visits she makes to foreign countries, and especially those of the Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has allowed the BBC to make a documentary film about the every day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the "walkabout", an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people.

The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebrations and special programs of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee.

The Queen's husband, Duke of Edinburgh, was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving raise wild animals from extinction. The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two children, Prince William and Prince Harry. The Prince of Wales is well-known as a keen promoter of British interests. In recent years he has become outspoken on such controversial topics as modern architecture, violence in films and on television, and the standard of English teaching in schools. His wife Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di), won the affection of many people by her modesty, shyness and beauty. Unfortunately, she died in a car accident in August, 1997.

 

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

 

1. At present the British royal family is headed by King George V.

2. Queen Elizabeth was born on the 21st of April 1926.

3. Being a child, she proffered art and music to law and constitutional history.

4. As she grew older she refused to take part in public life.

5. The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth and Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947.

6. Queen Elizabeth was crowned in Westminster Abbey in April 1953.

7. The Queen's husband served in the airborne troops of Great Britain.

8. The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales.

9. The Prince of Wales is well-known as a keen promoter of American interests.

10. Princess of Wales died in a car accident in August, 1997.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. Who is at present the British royal family headed by?

2. When was Elizabeth crowned as the Queen?

3. What are the duties of the Queen?

4. What is the tradition of the “walkabout” about?

5. What are the interests of Duke of Edinburgh, the Queen’s husband?

 

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  The Prince of Wales is well-known a is headed by Queen Elizabeth.
  The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television b are the regular visits she makes to foreign countries.
  She also started the tradition of the "walkabout", c has become a traditional and popular feature of the season.
  Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties d an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit.
  At present the British royal family e as a keen promoter of British interests.

 

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

 

TEXT 43. PRINCESS DIANA

 

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

 

To draw – притягувати, to estimate – оцінювати, a heir – спадкоємець, a bride – наречена, to wear – носити, taffeta – тафта, a bridesmaid – подружки нареченої.

 

II. Listen to the text:

Princess Diana On 24 February 1981 it was officially announced that Lady Diana was to marry the Prince of Wales. As neighbors at Sandringham until 1975, their families had known each other for many years, and Lady Diana and the Prince had met again when he was invited to a weekend at Althorp in November 1977.They were married at St Paul's Cathedral in London on 29 July 1981, in a ceremony which drew a global television and radio audience estimated at around 1,000 million people, and hundreds of thousands of people lining the route from Buckingham Palace to the Cathedral. The wedding reception was at Buckingham Palace.The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne for 300 years. The bride wore a silk taffeta dress with a 25-foot train designed by the Emanuels, her veil was held in place by the Spencer family diamond tiara, and she carried a bouquet of gardenias, lilies-of-the-valley, white freesia, golden roses, white orchids and stephanotis. She was attended by five bridesmaids including Princess Margaret's daughter Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (now Lady Sarah Chatto); Prince Andrew (now The Duke of York) and Prince Edward were The Prince of Wales's supporters (a Royal custom instead of a best man).The Prince and Princess of Wales spent part of their honeymoon at the Mountbatten family home at Broadlands, Hampshire, before flying to Gibraltar to join the Royal Yacht HMY BRITANNIA for a 12-day cruise through the Mediterranean to Egypt. They finished their honeymoon with a stay at Balmoral.The Prince and Princess made their principal home at Highgrove House near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, and shared an apartment in Kensington Palace.The Princess of Wales had two sons. Prince William Arthur Philip Louis was born on 21 June 1982 and Prince Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David on 15 September 1984, both at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, in London. The Princess had seventeen godchildren.

 

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. The families of Diana and Charles had known each other for many years.2. They were married at St Paul's Cathedral in London in the summer of 1981.3. No more than 1,000 million people watched the wedding ceremony.4. The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne for 200 years.5. The Princess’s veil was held in place by the Spencer family precious tiara.6. Her five bridesmaids included not only princesses but also the queen. 7. The Prince and Princess of Wales decided to spend their honeymoon in Great Britain. 8. The couple spent last part of their honeymoon in Great Britain.9. They spent last part of their honeymoon at Gibraltar. 10. The Princess of Wales had two children.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. When were Lady Diana and the Prince of Wales married?2. Did they know each other before the wedding?3. How many people watched the wedding ceremony?4. Why did the wedding ceremony draw a global television and radio audience?5. How many godchildren did Diana have?

 

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  The Princess had a that Lady Diana would marry the Prince of Wales.
  The Prince and Princess made b an heir to the throne for 300 years.
  The Prince and Princess of Wales spent c their principal home at Highgrove House.
  The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry d part of their honeymoon at Broadlands.
  In 1981 it was officially announced e seventeen godchildren.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

 

TEXT 44. GOLDEN AGE OF ENGLAND

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

 

Monarchy – монархія, fleet – флот, a merchant - купець, reign – правління, to dissolve – розпустити, a rival – суперник, discovery – відкриття, Renaissance – Відродження.

II. Listen to the text:

Golden Age of England

The power of the English monarchy increased during the Tudor rule (1485-1603). The first of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII, built the foundations of a wealthy nation and a powerful monarchy. He based his royal power on the growing classes of merchants and landed gentry. Henry VII created new nobility which was completely dependent on the Crown. Henry realized that England's future would depend on international trade and he created the fleet of merchant ships and the Royal Navy.

His son, Henry VIII, consolidated his power. It was during his reign that the Reformation took place. The Act of Supremacy made by the Parliament in 1534 declared Henry VIII thesupreme head of the Church in England. A number of famous people, including Sir Tho­mas More, were executed because they did not accept Henry VIII as head of the Church. The Act swept away the power of the Roman Church in England, making it independent of Rome. England became a Protestant country. The monasteries were dissolved and all church lands came under the King's control, it gave him a large new source of income.

Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII, was an outstanding ruler. Her reign is considered by many as the Golden Age of English history. Spain at that time was England's greatest trade rival and enemy. In 1588, England defeated the powerful navy of Spain, called the Invincible Armada.

The discovery of America placed Britain at the centre of the world's trading routes. Brilliant naval commanders (Francis Drake, John Hawkins, Walter Raleigh) enabled England to dominate these trade routes. During this period great trading companies, like the East India Company, were established. Eliza­beth also encouraged English traders to settle abroad and created colonies. This policy led directly to Britain's colonial empire of the 17th and 18th centuries.

The Elizabethan age is also called the English Renaissance. It was one of the greatest artistic periods in England's history. There were important developments in portrait painting, music and sci­ence. This period gave a lot ofwarriors, explorers, philosophers, poets, writers and actors.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. The power of the English monarchy increased during the Lancaster rule.

2. Henry VII built the foundations of a wealthy nation and a powerful monarchy.

3. Royal power was based on the growing classes of merchants and landed gentry.

4. English monarch became thesupreme head of the Church in England, independent of Rome.

5. The monasteries were a large source of income for English monarchy.

6. The Golden Age of English history is considered to be in the reign of Elizabeth.

7. The discovery of America placed Spain at the centre of the trading routes.

8. The Queen encouraged English traders to settle abroad and created colonies.

9. The Elizabethan age is called the English Renaissance.

10. This period was poor inwarriors, explorers, philosophers, poets, writers and actors.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What monarch was declared the supreme head of the English church?

2. What was the power of Henry VII based on?

3. What was the main result of the Reformation?

4. Why the reign of Elizabeth I is considered to be the Golden Age of English history?

5. Why did Eliza­beth encourage English traders to settle abroad and created colonies?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  There were important developments a it gave him a large new source of income.
  The Elizabethan age is also called b increased during the Tudor rule.
  The discovery of America placed Britain c in portrait painting, music and sci­ence.
  All church lands came under the King's control, d at the centre of the world's trading routes.
  The power of the English monarchy e the English Renaissance.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

TEXT 45. BRITAIN IN THE 20th CENTURY

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

To coincide – співпадати, rivalry – суперництво, alliance – союз, unemployment – безробіття, to declare war – оголошувати війну, national wealth – національне багатство, to pre­vent – попередити.

II. Listen to the text:

Britain in the 20th Century

The beginning of the 20th century coincided with the beginning of the decline of the British Empire. Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa became dominions and drew up their consti­tutions. Britain was no longer the greatest world power. Germany was rapidly becoming the major economic power in Europe.

The rivalry between the great European powers led to the out­break of World War I in 1914. After four years of bitter fighting the war ended in victory for the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Italy and the USA. Germany was defeated. The destruction was terrible, there were more than 10 million killed.

The war was followed by a period of depression in economy. It was a period of great social unrest. Unemployment was high, wages low and there were numerous strikes. From 1930 to 1933 three million British people out of the total workforce of 14 million were unemployed.

Britain was soon involved into another war. After Hitler's inva­sion of Poland in 1939, Britain declared war on Germany. Led by Prime Minister Winston Churchill Britain fought against Germany in the alliance with the Soviet Union and the USA. Germany sur­rendered in May 1945. The war had cost Britain a quarter of its national wealth.

Between 1945 and 1965 more than 500 million people in former British colonies became self-governing. India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma became independent and joined the Commonwealth as free and equal members.

In the 1970s and 1980s Britain experienced new social problems connected with the arrival of immigrants. By 1990 there were 5 million immigrants in Britain. The government passed laws to pre­vent unequal treatment of immigrants, but also to control the number of immigrants coming to Britain.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. At the beginning of the 20th century Canada, Australia and New Zealand drew up their consti­tutions.

2. Britain was rapidly becoming the major economic power in Europe.

3. World War I started in 1913 and ended in victory for the Allied Powers of Britain, France and the USA.

4. There were more than 9 million killed.

5. The war was followed by a period of increase in economy.

6. From 1930 to 1933 Britain had 14 million of unemployed.

7. Britain declared war on Germany after Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939.

8. During World War II Britain was led by Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

9. The government did nothing to pre­vent unequal treatment of immigrants.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What happened with the British Empire at the beginning of the 20th century?

2. When did Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa draw up their consti­tutions?

3. What country was rapidly becoming the major economic power in Europe?

4. What were the results of the World War I?

5. Was the war followed by a period of depression in economy and great social unrest?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  The war was followed a the major economic power in Europe.
  The government passed laws to pre­vent unequal treatment of immigrants, b there were more than 10 million killed.
  The destruction was terrible, c the beginning of the decline of the British Empire.
  Germany was rapidly becoming d by a period of depression in economy.
  The beginning of the 20th century coincided with e but also to control the number of immigrants.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

 

TEXT 46. THE ORIGINS OF ENGLISH

I. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

 

Conquest – завоювання, antiquity – античність, a subfamily – підгрупа, to descend –передаватись, ancestral – спадковий, an inflection – закінчення слова, to resemble – нагадувати.

II. Listen to the text:

The Origins of English

They speak of English as having its beginning with the conquest and settlement of a large part of the island of Britain by Germanic tribes from the European continent in the mid-fifth сеntury, although the earliest written documents belong to the seventh century. Of course these people did not, upon their arrival in England, suddenly begin to speak a new language. The history ofEnglish goes back much further. English is one of a family of languages called Indo-European. The languages of this family, which includes most of the modern European languages and some other languages spoken in western Asia from Iceland to India, as well as such important languages of antiquity as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, all resemble each other in a number of ways, particularly in vocabulary.

Within the Indo-European family of languages there are several subfamilies, consisting of languages especially closely related. English belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo-European, and is a close relative of such languages as German, Dutch and the Scandinavian languages.

Germanic, one of the language groups descended from this ancestral speech, is usually divided by scholars into three regional groups: East, North and West. English, being a West Germanic language of the Indo-Europe­an language family, is closely related to Frisian, German, and Netherlandic languages.

Though closely related to English, German remains far more conservative than English in its sys­tem of inflections. Frisian, spoken by the inhabitants of the Dutch province, is the language most nearly related to Modern English. Icelandic, which has changed little over the last thousand years, is the living language most nearly resembling Old English in gram­matical structure.

III. Agree or disagree with the statements:

1. English has its beginning with the conquest of Britain by Germanic tribes.

2. English is one of a family of languages called Indo-European.

3. Latin, Greek and Sanskrit resemble each other in a number of ways, particularly in vocabulary.

4. Within the Indo-European family of languages there are several subfamilies.

5. English belongs to the Germanic branch and is a close relative of Italian and French.

6. Germanic is usually divided by scholars into four regional groups.

7. English is an East Germanic language of the Indo-Europe­an language family.

8. English is closely related to German and Netherlandic languages.

9. German remains far more conservative than English in its sys­tem of inflections.

10. Icelandic is the living language most nearly resembling Old English in gram­matical structure.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What family of languages does English belong to?

2. What other lan­guages does this family include?

3. What languages belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-Europe­an family of languages?

4. Which regional group does English enter?

5. What languages is English closely related to within its subgroup?

V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e).

  Though closely related to English, a into three regional groups.
  Germanic is usually divided by scholars b German remains far more conservative than English.
  English belongs to the Germanic branch of Indo-European,   c of a large part of the island of Britain by Germanic tribes.
  People did not, upon their arrival in England, d and is a close relative of the Scandinavian languages.
  English had its beginning with the conquest and settlement e suddenly begin to speak a new language.

VI. Make up a plan of the text.

VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).


Дата добавления: 2015-10-26; просмотров: 89 | Нарушение авторских прав


Читайте в этой же книге: V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e). | VI. Make up a plan of the text. | V. Match the first part of the sentence (1-5) with the second one (a-e). | The European Court of Human Rights |
<== предыдущая страница | следующая страница ==>
TEXT 24. YAROSLAV THE WISE| VII. Retell the text in a written form (in English or Ukrainian).

mybiblioteka.su - 2015-2024 год. (0.049 сек.)