Variants 1, 2. — Have you invited many people to your birthday party, Jane?

— Have you invited many people to your birthday party, Jane?

— Not many, Mum. Not so many as Tim invited to his party last ye

— And whom have you invited?

— Well, I’ve invited Sally.

—	Is this	your classmate with beautiful long fair hair, Jane?
—	Right,	Sally used to have long hair but	now she has made a hair
— Why? She looked so nice with long hair.
—	Mum,	now she looks even smarter. Besides, she had some probl
	she is	quite happy. I have also invited	Linda from my dance	club
—	Linda?	I don’t remember you’ve ever told me about her.
—	Linda	has just joined our club. But she	is very friendly and sociab
	sure you’ll like her. By the way, Frank	and Henry will come	too.

— Jane, is Frank still fond of playing basketball?

— It’s Henry who is fond of playing basketball. Frank is keen on filmi camera and film my party.

— That’s a good idea! A film will make wonderful memories. Jane, h and Andrew?

— Well, I phoned Betty two days ago, but she said she wouldn’

	competition. You	know,	she	has	been preparing	for	it for	about
	such a party. He	is fun-loving and likes to make new friends.
—	Good. And now,	Jane,	we	need	to think about	the	menu	for the
—	Yes, Mum.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION(THE	F
	Variants 1, 2
1.	FIRST IMPRESSION
Research has demonstrated	that we begin to form an impression of	an

within seconds of first meeting them. While a number of factors ranging to the impression we create, hairstyle has been shown to be one of th impression. In real life, however, people have complex personalities that can simply by hairstyle. Because of this, it is important to consider the various hairstyle as well as clothing and make-up, in order to be sure that your personality. This can be especially important in situations where a good fir

So, what do your hairstyle and clothes say about your personality? A researchers shows that it is essential to consider three factors when

discovered that women with long blond	hair were viewed as less intel
were	viewed as more confident and outgoing. Men with short hair that i
as more confident,	but were also seen as more selfish. Those with me
were	described	as	being more intelligent	and competent, yet were co
with	extremely	long	hair were viewed as	less intelligent but more good-n

These descriptions of personality and character prove how influential impression. In order not to become stereotyped based on a hairstyle factors that contribute to the image we create. Selecting clothes and ac personality and create an exact image of your character.

298

2. WELCOME TO THE NEW FOREST NATIONAL PARK

The	New	Forest National Park was created in	March 2005 and the New Forest National Park Authority took
up	its full	powers in April 2006. Its purposes	are:

— to conserve and increase the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the Park;

— to promote opportunities for understanding and enjoyment of its special qualities.

It is the eighth national park	in	England and the first in	the	south-east	of England	to	be created	for nearly
	years.
The	National Park lies mainly	in	south-west Hampshire. It	has	long been	recognized	as a	special and	important

area that needs protection because it has 214 Ancient Monuments on its territory. Its designation means the

strongest	possible level of protection for the future. The New Forest	National Park landscape is unique. The
Park	has	become a shelter for an extraordinary diversity of plants	and animals of international importance.
It is	an	outdoor classroom for all ages. Whether you are studying	seriously or looking for fascinating facts

the National Park allows you not only to enjoy healthy environment but also learn more about the unique landscape, wildlife and important cultural heritage that makes it such a special place.

3. HOW DOES AIR POLLUTION AFFECT OUR ENVIRONMENT?

Air

pollution presents a big environmental threat in

many parts

of the world. Air pollution includes a variety

of different harmful chemicals and gases produced

by

our

vehicles

and

industrial facilities that make our air

dirty.

Vehicles are the biggest source of air

pollution

and

in

some

Asian

countries such as India and China

life

in

big cities is especially difficult because

of

the

amount

of

fumes

from

cars in the air.

Air

pollution has extremely negative effects on

our

environment,

and

the

most obvious negative effect it has

on our health. According to the World Health Organisation, 2.4 million

people die each year

from diseases

caused by air pollution.

Air pollution also has a negative impact on climate

change

increasing

the

average temperature

on our planet

and causing a greenhouse effect.

Acid

rains are another negative example that

air pollution has

on our

environment. They destroy the habitats

of many animals, pollute water by affecting its acidity and in

general

do

great damage to many ecosystems.

Now that we know the negative effect of air pollution, the

question

is

what we can do to

reduce it

and

make

our planet a cleaner place to live on.

First

of

all, it

is

necessary

to reduce the number of cars

we

use now and popularize environmentally friendly vehicles such as bicycles. Secondly, we should use renewable

energy sources	for	the	work of our industry like wind, solar or geothermal energy instead of highly polluting
fossil fuels like	coal	and	oil.

Fighting air pollution is definitely one of the best ways to help our environment.

Variant 1

— You look upset, Den. What has happened?

— You see, Jack, I have quarrelled with my parents. They promised to buy me a good present for my

birthday, but when I asked them for a new mobile phone, they said they wouldn’t buy one.

— But you have already got a mobile phone, Den.
—	I	have	had my mobile phone for two years now, Jack.
—	I	have	had mine for three years now, Den, and	I’m satisfied with	its work. And what	do your parents
	want to present you?
— They said they would organize my birthday party.
—	And where are you going to have your birthday	party, Den?
—	I’m going to have it in a café.
—	Perhaps	your parents are right. Having a party	in a café	isn’t	cheap. And I know	you	enjoy	spending
	time in a big and noisy company, Den.
—	Well, I	haven’t invited anyone yet, but you’re right. Unlike	you,	I	enjoy having fun	with	lots of	friends.

— As for me, I would prefer a good present to a great party. But if yo you should save some money or find a part-time job.

— It’s not easy to find a job for a teenager, Jack.

— It’s not easy but it’s possible. I think, Den, you should try to speak advice. Perhaps they will help you to find a job for summer.

— You’re right, Jack. I’ll discuss this question with my parents.

Variant 2

— Have you already talked with the travel agent about a trip to the se

— No, I haven’t. You see, Jane, I have decided to change my plans for

— But we have always dreamed about this trip! What has happened, Vi

— Well, Jane,	I have had a talk about my future education with my pa
a computer	instead of having a trip.

— Do you think it’s the right time to think about the future, Vicky? We are

—	You know,	Jane, I have	always wanted to	get	a	really good	educ
	I can’t	use	a computer.	Moreover, I’ll need	to	learn foreign	languag
	I have decided to enter some computer courses to learn computer l
	summer holidays. Then I’m going to study English	and Italian.
—	Perhaps	you’re right, Vicky. The ability to	use	a	computer	is	nec
	a good	idea	to attend some computer courses in	summer, but	I	also

— Look here, Jane. You have already got a computer, so you can spend take you more than a week. And when you return home you’ll be a

— You’re quite right, Vicky. But why don’t you do the same? We can computer courses together.

— I’m afraid it’s impossible, Jane. A good computer is very expensive enough money for both things. That’s why I had to change my plans

TEST
Variants	1, 2
TRAFFIC	IGHT

Even during the-horse-and-carriage days, traffic in big cities was often

placed	full-time directing	traffic at	busy areas	of cities.
The	world’s first traffic		L
light came into being before the automobile
only	of	pedestrians and	carriages.	Installed at	one of the streets in L

with red and green signals. Red meant stop and green meant caution

was turned on at its base so that the appropriate light faced traffic.

light exploded, injuring the policeman who was operating it.

With the coming of automobiles, the situation got even worse. Police Michigan, decided to do something about the problem. What he had to adapt railroad signals for street use. The railroad signals were alrea

used red, yellow, and green railroad	lights and about thirty-seven do
controls to make the world’s	first 4-way	three-colour traffic light. It wa
of	Woodward and Michigan	Avenues	in	Detroit. Within a year, Detro
of	the new automatic lights.

At about the same time, Garrett Morgan of Cleveland, Ohio realized traffic. A gifted inventor, he created the electric automatic traffic light. semaphore signals you see at train crossings today.

Morgan’s patent was purchased by General Electric Corporation an needed to begin building a monopoly on traffic light manufacturing.

TEST
Variants	1, 2
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TV
Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. It is the most popular	part of	mass
media. Today every family has a TV set. TV has	changed much since the time of its	invention	and

so has its role. There have been numerous debates concerning the advantages and disadvantages of television. When TV first appeared its main purpose was to give official information to people. It was supported by the government. Today television gives people a possibility to be well-informed and enjoy civilized pleasures. The programmes are various and people have a chance to select what they want to see. Television provides great opportunities for education. TV teaches the ideals of democracy and

political argument. Watching television	can be compared with reading books. By the beginning of the
21st century TV became a coloured	world network. The channels show programmes of various kinds
from documentaries, current events and	sports to films and science-fiction cartoons.	It brought ballet,
opera, and theatre to big masses of	people. Moreover, TV can keep children quiet. If they are noisy,
their mothers	turn on the set. If people	do not like	TV, they	do not buy it or switch it off.
At the same	time there are a	lot	of	arguments	against TV.	It is said that only	three	generations
have grown	up with television,	but	they managed	to forget	how to spend their	free	time without

television. It is established that the biggest	viewers are pensioners and housewives. Children watch
commercials, horror	films or films of violence.		TV prevents children from developing their	abilities.	They
get accustomed to	TV to such an extent that	they watch it all the time. To force their	children	away

from their favourite evening programmes to their homework has eventually become the main problem of

parents from different countries.
Moreover, TV is damaging for health. It has a bad effect on the eyes,	particularly of children. But if
children do not watch TV, they find themselves without anything to	talk	about at school. The same
is true about some adults. Sometimes TV programmes become topics of	common interest	and without
them people have nothing to talk about.
Nowadays some people in our country watch television programmes	from	about six in the	morning to

the early hours of the next day. It means that contemporary people, for various reasons, depend upon television. They watch everything from news and sports reports to dramas, educational and entertainment

programmes. Today some people	become	TV addicts	and feel unhappy if they fail to find another
way of passing leisure time. Free	time is	regulated by	television. Instead of going to the theatre or

reading books people watch TV. Television cuts people from the real world. The virtual world becomes more important. Only a few people today can live without television. It should be said that television

continues to	play	an important part in human life despite the increasing influence of the Internet, video
games and	other	high-technology sources of information.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION (THE SECOND TERM)

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