Safety measures

1. Most injuries occur to hands and feet. Fingers should be kept in the clear (out of the way of tongs, spinning chain, etc.), and the proper gloves should be worn. Also, shoes with protective metal caps on the toes should be worn.

2. Improper use of the cathead causes more serious injuries than any other single operation. The new man should use the cathead only under close supervision.

3. Back injuries arise from using an improper stance while lifting a heavy weight. It is important to learn the right way to lift-with the knees, not the back.

4. Tools, grease guns, and other equipment taken up in the derrick should be tied down securely. While these are being used on the derrick, the men on the floor should "stay out from under." No member of the crew should go on the floor unless he is wearing his hard hat.

5. Every rig has safety goggles to prevent eye injuries. Certain operations such as working with chemicals and chemically treated mud should never be undertaken without wearing them.

6. Pipe tongs are safe when treated with respect but can become extremely dangerous if used carelessly. Crew members should check the safety line and stand clear when tongs are used under heavy strain.

7. Pipe wrenches and chain tongs that are prone to slip instead of grip probably need new jaws, which should be replaced for safe use.

8. Slippery floors should be avoided. Because drilling mud is slippery, it is especially important for the crew to wash the floor whenever it gets muddy.

9. Loose, floppy clothing that might catch on moving equipment should be avoided.

10. A crew member should take evasive action to avoid injury to himself. He should also always try to avoid injuring another crew member.

11. Handrails should be used when on the steps.

12. Insecure guardrails are worse than none at all, and crew members should be on the lookout for them.

13. The crew member should locate and learn to use such emergency equipment as (1) the first-aid kit to avoid infections; (2) fire extinguishers for small flames that could grow into major fires; and (3) a source of water for washing out the eyes and for washing corrosive chemicals from the body.

14. When a crew member is in doubt about an apparently unsafe condition, he should consult the driller.

Fill in the gaps with given words and word and word combinations.

requirements, approved, processes, in case, explosive hazardous, inscriptions, permitted.

Technological………...should be carried out in accordance with regulations, operating norms and other officially………...technical and operating documentation. Equipment assigned for use of fire and………...substances and materials should meet designing documentation………....

While working with them, one must follow requirements contained in marking and warning………...on packing and accompanying documentation. It is not………...to use, store and transport substances and materials………...their interaction can result in inflammation, explosion or can form combustible and toxic gases (mixtures).

Fill in the gaps with given words and word and word combinations.

Daily, storehouse, inflammable, fire fighting, safety containers, exceeding, taken away.

In the main operational building materials storage is permitted only in………...in amounts not………...racks capacity. For stockpile storage distance norms between passages, from walls, ………...equipment and fire cocks should be not less than 1 meter. Flammables and………...substances supply should be centralized and they should be taken to workplace in special………...in amounts not exceeding………...requirements. It is prohibited to use open containers, boxes, metal drums and after business hours………...from operational building for further disposal.

Combine two corresponding sentence parts.

1) Rig equipment designed to prevent accidents -and fires includes handrails on walkways and stairways, 2) Safety clothing should, of course, be worn at appropriate times by 3) Safety clothing includes a hard hat to protect the head 4) A constant awareness of the danger of accidents around rigs and defensive action to avoid 5) Safety meetings and discussions of procedures for accomplishing jobs on the rig, 6) Many drilling contractors, as well as the International Association of Drilling Contractors, 7) The new man on the rig should study 8) Meanwhile, the following brief suggestions can serve as the

A) men working on hazardous assignments or in hazardous locations. B) the proper handling of equipment, and other safety practices are an essential part of any program designed to protect the men, rig, and well from accidents and fire. C) this information early in his career. D) publish manuals and other releases on the subject of accident prevention. E) from falling objects and safety shoes to protect the feet. F) guards on all moving machinery (including belts and chains), and pressure relief devices on mud lines and mud pumps. G) beginning of those safety measures needed to avoid accidents. H) them are equally as important as equipment and clothing designed to prevent accidents.

Correct combination

1 -__ 2 -__ 3 -__ 4 -__ 5 -__ 6 -__ 7 -__ 8 -__

8. Translate the sentences with the help of the text:

1. Для того чтобы избежать несчастных случаев и пожара, современные буровые оборудованы лестницами и перилами в проходах.

2. При выполнении опасных заданий и на опасных участках буровой рабочим необходимо надевать защитную одежду.

3. Защитной одеждой являются каска и специальные ботинки.

4. Очень важным является осознание того, что работа на буровой представляет опасность.

5. Обучение правилам техники безопасности и их выполнение, являются неотъемлемой частью при выполнении работ на буровой.

6. Международная Ассоциация Буровых Подрядчиков издаёт учебники и публикует другие работы по предмету предотвращения несчастных случаев на буровой вышке.

7. Каждый вновь прибывший член бригады должен изучить правила по технике безопасности и выполнять их.

SELF- ASSESSMENT. REVIEW QUESTIONS.

1. Name the three major systems used on all rotary drilling rigs.

2. Name the two principal types of drilling bits.

3. Name the parts of the drill string that collectively make up the drill stem.

4. What three main functions does the swivel perform?

5. What are the two functions performed by the rotary?

6. What three main components of the hoisting system connect the derrick or mast to the load of pipe?

7. What two principal advantages does the mast have over the standard derrick?

8. What are two main purposes of a derrick-substructure?

9. Drill pipe is usually pulled in stands of three joints, called thribbles. Each stand is about_____ feet long.

10. A mast or derrick can usually withstand winds of ________ miles per hour.

11. The two main purposes of the drawworks are –

12. Most rotary rig drawworks are fitted with two rake systems. Name them.

13. There are usually two semiautomatic catheads on a rotary rig drawworks. The ________, or _______, cathead is on the driller`s side of the drawworks. The _________ cathead is used to loosen the drill pipe.

14. The five principal purposes of circulating fluid in a well being drilled by the rotary method are –

15. Name the eight main components of the circulating system.

16. Most modern rotary rigs are powered by engines that use _________ fuel, but some engines on rigs are fueles by natural gas or ________ _________ gas.

17. What are the three main power loads on rotary rig engines.

18. The very largest rigs are generally powered by ___________ engines, which drive generators to supply electricity to the motors that drive the machinery.

19. Name four uses of alternating-current power on a rotary rig, excluding hoisting, pumping, and rotating.

20. Compressed air is used on large drilling rigs for many purposes. Name four.

21. Name six instruments used on a modern drilling rig.

22. Name six auxiliary facilities of a modern drilling rig and briefly explain the function of each.

23. What are some dangerous effects of a blowout?

24. What causes a blowout?

25. Name the two basic types of blowout preventers and briefly explain how each operates.

26. What is the function of an accumulator?

Comprhension test

Say True or False.

1. The driller is making a trip for a bit. The reason for this is to make it possible for the driller to examine the bit.

2. The kelly is hexagonal. The reason for this is to make it possible for the rotary table to turn the kelly without slipping.

3. Cuttings in a well mean cracks on wellbore walls.

4. Drilling mud is a waste material formed by a drilling rig in summer time.

5. Drill pipe is hollow. The reason for this is to make it possible for the mud to pass through it.

6. Elevator is a device for lifting derrickman to the monkey board.

7. Cement job is performed only when quality of casing is poor.

8. Sumpless drilling means that drilling crew personnel unfortunately did not have a chance to make a sump.

9. Rotation drilling includes rotary and downhole engine methods.

10. Pulling and running operations are costly and performed only when needed.

11. Drilling cuttings are washed out to the surface with drilling mud made of clay, water and various chemicals.

12. Tackle system includes crown block, traveling block and drilling hook.

13. Drilling bits have different design and shape only because they were produced by different manufacturers.

14. Core bit is used for cone taking along with core barrel.

15. Shale-shaker is used to separate drilling cuttings and drilling mud.

16. Pipe making up when running in the hole and also pipe breaking when pulling out are performed with a spinner.

17. The first type of casing to be run in and cemented is surface casing and the second is conductor.

18. Drilling crew members use scratches to scratch each other and thus clean

19. themselves of oil.

20. Centralizer is an officer coordinating work of drilling crews.

21. Bent sub is a sub bent in the well due to improper use.

22. Clay drilling muds are the most common for well drilling.

23. Key parameters of drilling muds are gravity, viscosity, filtration indicator, etc.

Vocabulary

A
Abrasive rock	абразивная порода
Advanced drilling progress	значительная проходка бурением
Aerated drilling mud	аэрированный буровой раствор
Annulus	затрубное пространство
Armored	армированный
B
Back pressure	противодавление
Back-pressure valve	обратный клапан
Ball-valve	шаровый клапан
Barium sulfate	барит
Bentonite	бентонит
Bentonitic clay	бентонитовая глина
Biopolymer mud	биополимерный раствор
Bit	долото
Bit breaker	устройство для откручивания долота
Bit change	замена долота
Blowout	выброс (нефти и газа из скважины)
Bottom hole	забой скважины
Box	резьбовой соединительный замок
Breaking joints	развинчивание труб
Brown field	разработанное месторождение
C
Саble drilling	ударно-канатное бурение
Calibration	поверка
Casing shoe	колонный башмак
Casing spool	колонная головка
Casing string	обсадная колонна
Catwalk	подающие мостки
Cement plug	цементировочная пробка
Cement slurry	цементный раствор
Cementing stage collar	муфта ступенчатого цементирования (МСЦ)
Centralizer	центратор
Chemicals	химреагенты
Civilengineering	гражданское строительство
Clay drilling mud	глинистый буровой раствор
Clayless drilling mud	неглинистый буровой раствор
Conductor	направление (обсадная колонна)
Core	керн
Core barrel	керноотборник
Core bit	керновое долото
Core taking	отбор керна
Core well	структурная скважина
Crossover	переводник
Crown block	кронблок
Crushing-abrasionaction	дробяще-истирающее действие
Cutters	резцы
Cuttings	шлам
D
Deadend	мертвый конец (талевого каната)
Derrick	мачта (бурового станка)
Derrickman monkey board	рабочая площадка верхового
Desander	пескоотделитель
Design	конструкция
Desilter	илоотделитель
Deterioration	износ (оборудования)
Detonate charges	детонировать заряды
Developed area	разработанный участок
Diamond bit	алмазное долото
Diamond inserts	алмазные вставки
Displacement fluid	жидкость замещения
Disposal site	место захоронения (отходов)
Double	двухтрубка
Drain valve	сбросный клапан
Drawworks drum	барабан лебедки
Drawwworks shaft	вал лебедки
Drift	шаблон
Drift	шаблонировать
Drill collars	утяжеленные бурильные трубы (УБТ)
Drill pipe	бурильные трубы
Drill string	бурильная колонна
Drilling bit	буровое долото
Drilling derrick	буровая вышка
Drilling hook	буровой крюк
Drilling line	талевый канат
Drilling mud	буровой раствор
Drilling rig	буровой станок
Drilling string	бурильная колонна
Drilling tool	буровой снаряд
Drilling	бурение
E
Electric drill	электробур
Elevators	элеватор
Emergency valve	аварийный клапан
Emulsifier	эмульгатор
Emulsion-based drilling mud	эмульсионный буровой раствор
Enhanced oil recovery	повышение нефтеотдачи пласта
Exploration well	разведочная скважина
F
Field	месторождение
Filtrate	фильтрат
Filtration factor	показатель фильтрации
Fingers	пальцы для свечей
Fish-tailbit	долото лопастного типа
Flocculating	флоккулирующий
Fluid compression	сжимаемость жидкости
Formation pressure maintenance	поддержание пластового давления
Formation waters	пластовые воды
Fourble	четырехтрубка
Fresh water	пресная вода
Friction cathead	фрикционная шпилевая катушка
Frother	пенообразователь
G
Gasblanket	газовая подушка
Gooseneck	горловина вертлюга
Greenfield	новое месторождение
Guiding shoe	направляющий башмак
H
Hard minerals	твердые полезные ископаемые
Hex-nut wrench	шестигранный ключ
Hinged doors	шарнирный затвор
Hook-block	крюкоблок
Hydrofracture	гидроразрыв
Hydrocarbon-based drilling mud	буровой раствор на углеводородной основе
Hydrostatic pressure	гидростатическое давление
I
Injection pressure	давление нагнетания
Injection well	нагнетательная скважина
Insert bit	штыревое долото
Intermediate casing	промежуточная (техническая) колонна
Intermediate casing spool	промежуточная катушка
Inverted emulsion	инвертная эмульсия
Isolation	разобщение (пластов)
J
Joint	одиночная труба
K
Kelly	«квадрат», ведущая труба
Kelly bushing	втулка квадрата
Kelly cock	запорный клапан «квадрата»
Кеllу saver sub	переходник «квадрата»
Key well	опорная скважина
M
Main rotary bushing	главная втулка роторного стола
Making up joints	наращивание (труб)
Mast	вышка мачтового типа
Mechanical drilling	механическое бурение
Milled teeth	фрезерованные зубья
Mud pump	буровой насос
Multi-stage cementing	многоступенчатое цементирование
N
Natural drilling mud	естественный буровой раствор
Natural gas	природный газ
Nitrogen	азот
Non-mechanical drilling	немеханическое бурение
O
Observation well	наблюдательная скважина
Off-shore drilling	морское бурение
Oil -and-gas bearing rock	нефтегазосодержащая порода
One-stage cementing	одноступенчатое цементирование
Operating pressure	рабочее давление
Oxidized bitumen	окисленный битум
P
Parametric well	параметрическая скважина
Pay zone penetration	вскрытие продуктивного пласта
Percussion drilling	ударное бурение
Permeable interval	проницаемый горизонт
Pin	конец трубы с внешней резьбой
Pipe string	колонна труб
Pipe tripping	спускоподъемные операции
Pit	котлован
Polycristalline bit	поликристаллическое долото
Power tongs	силовой ключ
Pressing	сжатие
Pressure pulsation	пульсация давления
Pressure pulsation absorption	поглощение пульсации давления
Process operations	технологические операции
Production casing	эксплуатационная колонна
Production liner	эксплуатационный хвостовик
Production well	эксплуатационная скважина
Prospect drilling	поисково-разведочное бурение
Рullеу	шкив
Pulling and ranning operations	спуско-подъемные операции
Pulsation dampener	гаситель пульсаций
Pup-joint	патрубок
R
Reciprocating	расхаживание (скважины)
Reservoir characteristics	параметры пласта
Rig floor	рабочая площадка буровой установки
Rock	порода
Roller-cutter bit	шарошечное долото
Roller-cutters	шарошки
Rotary bit	роторное долото
Rotary drilling	роторное бурение
Rotary hose	роторный шланг
Rotary system	роторная система
Rotary table	роторный стол
Rotary table collar	муфт роторного стола
Rotation drilling	вращательное бурение
Rotor	ротор
Rubber membrane	резиновая диафрагма
S
Sand content	содержание песка
Scratcher	скребок
Screw engine	винтовой двигатель
Selective cementing	селективное цементирование
Shale-shaker	вибросито
Shearing	скалывание
Shearing bit	режущее долото
Shoe with float collar	башмак с обратным клапаном
Sidewallcore	боковой керн
Sidewall coring tool	боковой керно-отборник
Slips	клинья
Solids	твердая фаза
Spinner	силовой ключ
Stagecollar	муфта ступенчатого цементирования
Stand	свеча
Static shift stress	статическое напряжение сдвига
Stop-ring	стопорное кольцо
Sulphate - containing	сульфат содержащий
Sumpless drilling	безамбарное бурение
Surface casing	кондуктор (обсадная колонна)
Surfactant	поверхностно – активное вещество
Swing joint	шарнирное соединение
Swivel	вертлюг
T
Tаckle system	талевая система
Tally	замерять трубы рулеткой
Technical expert review	техническая экспертиза
Top plug	верхняя цементная пробка
Torque	крутящий момент
Tower	башенная вышка
Trap	ловушка (нефти и газа в пласте)
Traveling block	талевый блок
Triple	трехтрубка
Tungsten carbide	карбид вольфрама
Tungsten inserts	вольфрамовые вставки
Turbodrill	турбобур
U
Unexplored region	неразведанный район
V
Viscosimeter	вискозиметр
W
Wish fluid loss	поглощение промывочной жидкости
Wish out	вымывать (из скважины)
Water supply well	водная скважина
Water suspension	водная суспензия
Well bottom	забой скважины
Well	скважина
Wellbore	ствол скважины
Wellhead	устье скважины
Wildcat	поисковая скважина

Для заметок

Список литературы

1. Gerding Mildred. The Rotary Rig and its components. Fourth edition. The University of Texas at Austin. Austin, Texas 2000.

2. A Primer of Oil well Service and Work over. The University of Texas at Austin, Seventh Impression, 1999.

3. Белоусов В. С. Нефтяная промышленность. Учебное пособие для переводчиков. The FLT Ltd Архангельск, 2000г.

4. Белоусов В. С. Нефтегазовая промышленность. Основные процессы и англо-русская терминология. Москва: ООО «Техинпут», 2006

5. Булатов А. И. Пальчиков В.В. Англо-русский словарь по нефти и газу. – М.: РУССО. 2004.

6. www.nefte.ru

Учебное пособие

Островерхова Татьяна Александровна

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