Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. 1. A person trained and licensed to practice medicine is a physician or doctor; that one who treats the entire body is a general practi­tioner (GP).

1. A person trained and licensed to practice medicine is a physician or doctor; that one who treats the entire body is a general practi­tioner (GP).

2. Health insurance is a form of protection against the high costs of health care.

3. Payment of a premium guarantees medical coverage to the insured person.

4. To be designated as a teaching hospital, a hospital must have one or more graduate residency programs.

5. The National Health Service (NHS) is the shared name of three of the four publicly funded healthcare systems in the United King­dom. Only the English NHS is officially called the National Health Service, the others being NHS Scotland or NHS Wales.

6. Each system operates independently, and is politically accountable to the relevant government: the Scottish Executive, Welsh Assem­bly Government, the Northern Ireland Executive, or the UK government (for the English NHS).

7. Despite their separate funding and administration, there is no dis­crimination when a resident of one country of the United King­dom requires treatment in another, although patients will often be returned to their home area when they are fit to be moved.

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE IN THE UK

The National Health Service (NHS) is the collective name given io the four public health services of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Before the National Health Service was created in 1948, patie were generally required to pay for their health care. Free treatmi had been sometimes available from teaching hospitals and charity h pitals.

In 1911 the National Insurance Act granted all workers of 16 years or over free medical coverage as well as unemployment benefits. In 1948 the system was extended to the entire population and a new ser­vice, the National Health Service was established. Today it is the world's largest publicly funded health service. It was set up on July 1948 to "provide health care for all citizens, based on need, not t ability to pay". It is funded by the taxpayer and managed by a govern ment department, the Department of Health, which sets overall poli on health issues.

The core of service is the General Practitioners (GP or fa doctors) who are responsible for the care of patients registered with them. GPs are mostly private doctors that choose to contract with the NHS to provide services to patients. Patients are free to register with any GP of their choice in their locality. Patients in England of work­ing age pay a fixed price (presently £ 7.30) for each drug prescribed regardless of the amount of drug prescribed or the cost to the phar­macy. The pharmacy invoices the cost of the drugs to the NHS. GPs can refer their patients to a hospital for more specialized services and for surgery. GP referrals are needed to see any hospital specialist-Most patients choose to be treated at NHS hospitals. The quality is comparable to private hospitals and the services obtained (medicine? surgeons and other care workers, and even meals) are free of charge to the patient, whereas at private hospitals they pay for these.

Ambulance services, mental health, and ancillary services such as physical and occupational therapy, in-home and in-clinic nursing, and certain care for the sick elderly in nursing homes are financed from the NHS budget. The estimated cost of the English NHS in 2009 was £ 98.7 billion or about £ 165 per person per month. Funding for the NHS is met from tax and National Insurance contributions paid by all persons over the age of 18 and employers in the UK. Temporary residents such as tourists are only entitled to free emergency care.

In England, patients under 16 years old (19 years if still in full-time education) or over 59 years will get the drug for free. There are also exemptions for people with certain medical conditions, and those on low incomes. Prescribed contraception is also issued free o: charge.

The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Since that time the NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term health­care, ophthalmology and dentistry. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used by less than 8 % of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. One of the main aims of the NHS is to respect the confidentiality of individual patients and provide open access to infor­mation about services.

II. Language Development

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