II. A Short Historical Outline of European and

ТЕОРІЯ І ПРАКТИКА ПЕРЕКЛАДУ

(аспектний переклад)

ПІДРУЧНИК

ISBN 966-95804-0^

©І. В. Корунець, 2003 ©Вінниця, «Нова Книга», 2003

J

І Сумський державний І
J університет

Б ІБЛЮТЕКА

ft

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Передмова............................................................................... 8

I. Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of

Translation........................................................................... 10

Translation as a Notion and Subject........................................ 10

Significance of Translating/Interpreting.................................... 13

Translation in Teaching of Foreign Languages......................... 15

Ways of Translating............................................................... 17

Machine Translation............................................................... 26

Kinds of Translating/Interpreting............................................. 28

Suggested Topics for Self-Control and Class Discussion........ 32

II. A Short Historical Outline of European and

Ukrainian Translation........................................................... 34

Translation and Interpretation during the Middle Ages.............. 38

Translation during the Renaissance Period.............................. 41

Translation during the Period of Classicism and

Enlightenment....................................................................... 42

The Epoch of Romanticism and Establishment of the

Principles of Faithful Translation in Europe............................. 44

Translation in Kyivan Rus' during the 10th -13th Centuries

and in Ukraine during the 14th-16th Centuries........................... 47

The Kyiv Mohyla Academy and Revival of Translation

Activities in Ukraine................................................................ 52

Kotlyarevskyi's Free Adaptation of Virgil's Aeneid and the

Beginning of a New Era in Ukrainian Translation...................... 54

Translation and Translators during the Late

19th-Early 20th Centuries........................................................ 57

Translation during the Years of Ukraine's Independence

(1917-1921) and Soviet Rule................................................... 63

Translation and Translators in Post-War Ukraine. The

Development of the Principles of Faithful Translation.............. 72

Translation in Ukraine during the Last Decade of the 20th

Century and the Role of the Vsesvit Journal............................ 86

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........ 89

III. Lexicological Aspects of Translation................................ 91

Methods and Ways of Translating Various Proper Names........ 92

Conveying the Names of Companies, Corporations, Firms..... 104

Topics for Self-Control and Class/Home Reviewing............... 113

Texts for Independent Oral and Written Translation................. 126

Units of International Lexicon and Ways of Rendering

Their Meaning and Lingual Form............................................ 128

Ways of Conveying the Lexical Meaning of Genuine

Internationalisms.................................................................. 135

Translating of Loan Internationalisms..................................... 140

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion...... 141

Exercises for Class and Homework....................................... 142

Texts for Independent Class and Home Translation................ 146

News Items for Class Translation at Sight (in Viva Voce)........ 148

Units of Nationally Biased Lexicon and Ways of

Their Translation................................................................... 151

Ways of Rendering the Meaning of Nationally

Biased Units of Lexicon....................................................... 157

Exercises for Class and Homework...................................... 169

Texts for Independent Class and Home Translation................ 177

Translating of Idiomatic/Phraseological and Stable

Expressions........................................................................ 182

Transformations of Some Idioms in the Process of

Translating........................................................................... 196

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion...... 198

Exercises for Class and Homework...................................... 198

IV. Lexico-Grammatical Aspects of Translation.................... 208

Rendering of the Contextual Meanings of the Definite and

Indefinite Articles................................................................. 208

Realization of Contextual Meanings of the Definite Article...... 210

Realization of Contextual Meanings of the Indefinite Article.... 215

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion...... 221

Exercises for Class and Homework...................................... 221

Asyndetic Noun Clusters and Rendering Their

Meaning into Ukrainian......................................................... 225

Approaches to Translating Asyndetic Substantival Clusters.... 226

Translation of Two-Componental Asyndetic Substantival

Clusters............................................................................... 227

Translation of Three-Componental Asyndetic Substantival

Clusters.............................................................................. 232

Translation of Four-Componental Asyndetic Substantival

Clusters............................................................................... 237

Translation of Five-, Six- and Seven-Componental Asyndetic

Substantival Clusters........................................................... 240

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion...... 243

Exercises for Class and Home Translation............................ 244

Translating of English Verbals and Verbal

Constructions/Complexes.................................................... 252

Ways of Rendering the Lexico-Grammatical Meanings

and Function of the English Infinitive..................................... 253

Ways of Translating Infinitival Complexes.............................. 256

Ways of Translating the Objective with the Infinitive

Constructions/Predicative Complexes................................... 259

Ways of Rendering the Meaning of the Subjective with the

Infinitive Constructions......................................................... 263

Ways of Translating the Participles and Participial

Constructions...................................................................... 269

Ways of Translating Participial Constructions/Complexes...... 273

A. Ways of Translating the Objective with the Participle
Constructions/Complexes..................................................... 274

B. Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle
Constructions/Complexes..................................................... 276

C. Ways of Translating the Nominative Absolute Participial
Constructions/Complexes..................................................... 280

D. Ways of Identification of Implicit Meanings in the Nominative

Absolute Participial Constructions......................................... 283

Structural Types of Ukrainian Language Units Conveying the Meanings of the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions... 285

Translation of the Gerund and Gerundial Complexes.............. 295

Ways of Translating Gerundial Complexes/Constructions....... 299

Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................ 302

Ways and Means of Expressing Modality in English and

Ukrainian............................................................................. 308

The Lexico-Grammatical Expression of Modality

through Modal Verbs............................................................ 310

English Modal Verbs Having not Always Modal Verbs

Equivalents in Ukrainian....................................................... 334

Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................ 343

Exercises for Class and Homework...................... '................ 343

Transformations in the Process of Translation....................... 361

Grammatically and Stylistically Prearranged

Transformations................................................................... 367

Stylistically/Subjectively Predetermined Transformations....... 369

Ways of Conveying the Passive Voice Constructions............ 370

Objectively Required and Subjectively Introduced/Contextual

Transformations of Language Units....................................... 376

Objectively and Subjectively Conditioned Transformations

of Lexical Units in the Process of Translation........................ 382

Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion........................ 387

Exercises for Class and Homework...................................... 387

V. Semantic Aspects of Translation.................................... 391

Language Units and Levels of Their Faithful Translation......... 391

Ways of Conveying the Meanings of Polysemantic

Language Units.................................................................... 394

Conveying the Meanings of Language Units at

Passage/Text Level.............................................................. 398

Lexico-Semantic, Stylistic and Structural Analysis of

Language Units/Sense Units of the Excerpt........................... 405

Suggested Topics for Self-Testing and Class Discussion...... 419

Exercises for Class and Homework....................................... 420

Publicistic and Newspaper Style Texts and Ways of

Their Translation................................................................... ⁴²3

New Items for Class and Home Written or Oral Translation..... 436

A List of Literature Used and Recommended......................... 444

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