III. Лексические упражнения. 1. Прилагательное folk входит в состав целого ряда сложных слов

1. Прилагательное folk входит в состав целого ряда сложных слов. Ниже приведены некоторые из них. Дайте их русские эквиваленты.

belief

custom

dance

song

folk – lore

medicine

tale

leasing

2. Переведите на русский язык сочетания существительного folk с некоторыми прилагательными:

country

old

young folk

poor

rich

3.Подберите возможные русские соответствия для английской пословицы:

Idle folks lack no excuses.

Занятие 5

I. Предтекстовые упражнения

1. В мире насчитывается около шести тысяч языков и диалектов. Список, приведенный ниже, включает лишь 35 из них.

Какие языки включены в него? Какие народы говорят на этих языках?

Finnish, Polish, Vietnamese, Chinese, Japanese, Swedish, Dutch, Danish, Italian, Spanish, English, French, Greek, Portuguese, Hungarian. German, Russian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Hebrew, Korean, Arabic, Swahili, Irish, Welsh, Icelandic, Armenian, Hindi, Bengali, Iranian, Bihazi, Ukrainian, Latvian, Lithuanian.

2. Правильно прочитайте вслух следующие слова и дайте их русский соответствия:

southern, dialect, separate, unintelligible, descended, millennium.

3. Переведите на русский язык следующие словосочетания:

imperial officials, from the 7th century onwards, mutually unintelligible,

prehistoric language.

4. Найдите в словаре перевод следующих однокоренных слов:

imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperiality, to imperialize, imperialty, imperious, imperium;

mutual, mutuality, mutually, mutuum;

to descend, descendance, descendant, descendental, descendible, descending, descension, descensive.

II.Текст

Language Families

The major languages of the world are as follows:

- The Indo-European language family

- Sino-Tibetan: Chinese, Tibetan, Burmese

- Mon-Khmer: Japanese, Korean Mon, Khmer, and other languages of Southeast Asia

- Austronesian: languages of Indonesia, Micronesia, Malanesia, Polynesia

- Afro-Asiatic: a family of languages of Southwestern Asia and northern Africa, including Hebrew and Arabic

- Nilo-Saharan: a family of languages of northern and Central Africa

- Niger-Kordofanian: a family of languages of sub-Saharan Africa, including Swahili.

The Indo-European language family comprises a few branches, such as:

Balto-Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Latvian, Lithuanian)

Germanic (German, English, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic and others)

Celtic (Irish, Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scots Gaelic and others)

Italic (Italian, French, Spanish, Romanian and others)

Hellenic (Greek)

Armenian

Indo-Iranian (Hindi, Bengali, Bihazi, Iranian and others)

The Russian language is one of the Slavic (or Slavonic) languages of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family. The Slavic languages are spoken in Central and East Europe, the Balkans, and parts of North Asia. The family comprises the eastern group (Russian, Ukrainian, and Bielorussian); the southern group (Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, and Bulgarian); the western group (Czech and Slovak, Sorbian in Germany, and Polish and its related dialects).

The most widely spoken language in the world is Chinese, having a few dialects. The standard form of the Chinese language is Mandarin. It is used by 70 per cent of the population and taught in schools. Historically it derives from the language spoken by mandarins, Chinese imperial officials, from the 7th century onwards. One of the main dialects of the Chinese language is Cantonese. When spoken Mandarin and dialects are mutually unintelligible and could almost be regarded as separate languages.

The Indo-European family of languages, of which English is a member, is descended from a prehistoric language, Proto-Indo-European, spoken in a region that has not yet been identified, possibly in the 5^th millennium B.C.

III. Лексические упражнения.

1. Подберите русские эквиваленты, соответствующие следующим английским глаголам:

to identify включать

to comprise происходить

to indicate указывать

to estimate определять

to derive подсчитывать

2. Найдите в тексте предложение с глаголом to derive в значении происходить. Дополните таблицу его синонимами.

происходить

to derive

3. Переведите на русский язык устойчивые выражения с глаголом to derive:

to derive benefit from smth., to derive pleasure from doing smth., to derive one’s income from smth., to derive one’s character from smb., to derive one’s knowledge from smth.

4. Переведите на русский язык предложения с глаголом to derive. Обратите внимание на многозначность этого глагола.

Mr. Young is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others.

The name Anastasia is derived from a Greek word meaning of the resurrection.

He derived no particular benefit from his friend any more.

Bill Gates derives his huge income from his company “Microsoft”.

The girl is a real beauty. She reminds me of her mother when I look at her, but she is rather difficult to deal with as she derived her character from her father.

5. Дайте русские эквиваленты следующим выражениям, в состав которых входит слово Dutch:

Dutch courage; a Dutch feast; a Dutch treat; the Dutch have taken Holland; a Dutch auction; a Dutch nightingale; double Dutch.

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