Инверсия в условных предложениях

В условных нереальных предложениях второго и третьего типов возможна инверсия (обратный порядок слов), если в состав сказуемого входят глаголы – were, had, could. В таких предложениях союзы if, provided опускаются, а глаголы were, had, could ставятся перед подлежащим. Например:

If I were free, I’d come to you.	Were I free, I’d come to you.
Если бы я был свободен, я бы пришел к тебе. (Будь я свободен…..)
If hehad known the subject better, hewouldn’t have failed in this exam.	Hadheknown the subject better, hewouldn’t have failed in his exam.
Если бы он знал предмет лучше, он не провалился бы на экзамене. (Знай он предмет лучше…..)
If you could speak English, you would understand them.	Could you speak English, you would understand them.
Если бы вы умели говорить по-английски, вы поняли бы их. (Умей вы говорить по-английски….)

Примечание:

Оборот but for + существительное соответствует русскому если бы не …

Например:

But for your advice I wouldn’t work here now. – Если бы не твой совет, я бы здесь сейчас не работал.

But for your help I couldn’t have done this work. – Если бы не ваш совет, я бы не справился с этой работой.

Exercises

1.* Прочитайте и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление форм сослагательного наклонения в условных предложениях.

a) unreal present or future:

1. If I had the opportunity, I would go to Oxford to study law. 2. There would be fewer people in prisons if they didn’t violate laws. 3. If you were offered to buy some drugs, what would you do? Would you call the police? 4. We would have less delinquency if people married more wisely, if parental and parent-child relations could be more congenial and understanding. 5. If I found a gun in the street, I would take it to the police.

b) unreal past:

1. If you had been sincere with the counsel for the defence, he would have helped you. 2. If the investigating officer hadn’t found physical evidence, it would have been difficult to investigate that crime. 3. If his accomplices hadn't revealed some details, the sentence could have been quite different. 4. Had I not interfered, the problem might have been settled already. Now I feel as if I had done something wrong. 5. If I had locked the car, it wouldn’t have been stolen.

c) mixed type:

1.He wouldn’t be in prison now if he hadn’t committed a crime some years ago. 2. If you knew better how to deal with your son's problems he might not have turned into a juvenile offender. 3. The offender wouldn't be kept in prison if he had kept out of trouble for two years. 4. Were you not so absent-minded, you would have discovered some more additional facts to associate the accused with the crime scene. 5. If the thief had left any clues, he would be interrogated now.

d)but for …:

1. But for your explanation he wouldn’t have believed us. 2. Nobody would have recognised him but for this scar on his left cheek. 3. But for our evidence it would have been impossible to win the case.

e)wish/if only:

1. I wish I knew the truth. 2. Everybody wished his innocence were/was proved. 3. We wish you hadn’t told us a lie. 4. I wish this case would be investigated as soon as possible. 5. I wish the honorable attorney would mind his own business. 6. If only court took into account the fact that he pleaded guilty. 7. If only he were/was justified! 8. If only I could have helped him then!

2.* Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму в зависимости от типа уловного предложения. Предложения переведите.

a) 1. If the attorney proved your innocence you... (to be acquitted). 2. If he were convicted of robbery he... (to receive a custodial sentence). 3. If there were aggravating circumstances the criminal... (to be punished by eight years imprisonment). 4. If he menaced you intentionally to get some money it... (to be considered a blackmail). 5. If you managed to find the necessary documents your lawyer... (to be able to prove you are not guilty). 6. Even if I were very poor I... (never to commit something unlawful). 7. If the court came to the conclusion that deprivation of liberty is undesirable it... (to pass a suspended sentence). 8. If I were you I immediately (to go to the police and to make a confession). 9. If the man hadn't stolen some goods they... (not / to take him to the police station). 10. If the neighbours hadn't called the police I... (to be killed). 11. If he had committed a manslaughter in the state of affect he... (to be punished less severely). 12. If the jurors had not been sure of the man's guilt they... (never pass such a verdict).

b) 1. He would be given a life sentence if he (to be found) guilty of kidnapping. 2. The railway company wouldn't have redeemed the damages if the woman (not to prove) her injuries. 3. You could be free now if you (to demonstrate) an exemplary behaviour. 4. The prisoner could be released if a parole board (to agree) his detention no longer serves its purpose. 5. Punishment would not be effective if the penalty (not / to fit) the offence committed. 6. The court wouldn't have imprisoned on Jack Shorty if he (not to be considered) a particularly dangerous recidivist. 7. Miss Smith wouldn't be guilty of an offence if she (to commit) it of dire necessity to defend her life. 8. If he had no reason, he (not / to commit) such a crime. 9. The sentence could not be executed if 15 years (to elapse) since the date of the commission of the crime. 10. If the suspect hadn’t committed a fresh crime, the judgement might (not / to be executed).

Дата добавления: 2015-11-14