Что, чтобы, как

подлежащее + сказуемое

He is known to go to work to the USA.

Известно, что он едет работать в США.

Перфектный инфинитив (Perfect Infinitive) обозначает законченное действие и поэтому переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени:

He is said to have gone to work to the USA. – Говорят, что он уехал работать в США.

Как часть Complex Subjectинфинитив употребляется:

а) после глаголов в страдательном залоге (Passive Voice): to allege – утверждать; to assume – предполагать; to believe – полагать; to consider – считать, полагать; to expect – ожидать, полагать; to find – считать, полагать; to know – знать; to report – сообщать; to state – заявлять, утверждать; to suppose – полагать, предполагать; to think – полагать, считать; to see – видеть; to hear – слышать; to observe – наблюдать и др.

The suspect is believed to have fled the country. – Полагают, что подозреваемый сбежал из страны.

They were often heard to quarrel. – Часто слышали, как они ссорятся.

б) после глаголов в действительном залоге (Active Voice):

to appear – казаться; по-видимому	to turn out – оказываться
to seem – казаться	to prove – оказываться
to happen – случаться	to chance – случаться, происходить

I appear to have made a small mistake. – По-видимому, я допустил небольшую ошибку.

He seems to be investigating that complicated case. – Кажется, он расследует то сложное дело.

He happened to be there when the police arrived. – Он случайно оказался там, когда прибыла полиция.

He turned out to be a good lawyer. – Он оказался хорошим адвокатом.

She proved to be right after all. – Оказалось, что она все же права.

В отрицательных предложениях отрицание not обычно стоит при глаголах to seem, to appear, to happen, to turn out, to prove:

He doesn’t seem to know this subject. – Кажется, он не знает этого предмета.

в) после сочетания глагола to be с прилагательными:

to be likely – вероятно	to be sure – безусловно, несомненно
to be unlikely – маловероятно, вряд ли	to be certain – определенно, наверняка

He is likely to return soon. – Вероятно, он скоро вернется.

This case is unlikely to be investigated quickly. – Маловероятно, что это дело будет расследовано быстро.

He is sure to pass the Bar Final examination. – Он, безусловно, сдаст экзамен на звание барристера.

The jury is certain to find him guilty. – Наверняка, присяжные признают его виновным.

Место инфинитива в составе оборота Сложное подлежащее могут занимать также причастие I или причастие II.

He was heard questioning a witness. – Слышали, как он допрашивал свидетеля.

The attack is believed linked to organized crime. – Полагают, что нападение связано с организованной преступностью.

Exercises

1.* Найдите предложения, в которых есть инфинитивный оборот «Сложное подлежащее» и переведите их.

1. It is my considered opinion that you are wrong. Criminality is considered to be a social phenomenon. 2. He’s a known criminal. Our laws are known to protect the interests of all people. 3. That evidence proved to be very important. The investigating officers proved the guilt of the suspect. 4. I don’t suppose she’ll agree. She’s supposed to be on hard drugs. 5. She is likely to pass her exam. They’ll very likely come by car. 6. It so happened that I saw the murderer. I happened to be at the crime scene at that time. 7. Crowds turned out for the procession. His statement turned out to be false. 8. He is thought to have escaped to Brazil. What are your thoughts on the subject? 9. He had to appear before the committee to explain his behavior. He appearsto have been killed with a blunt instrument. 10. We expected their representative to contact us tomorrow. The investigator is expected to solve the crime quickly. 11. The boy was heard talking to himself in a whisper. The neighbour heard them talking loudly.

2.* Переведите предложения с инфинитивным оборотом «Сложное подлежащее».

1. Any state machine is known to reflect the interests of the ruling class. 2. The jury do not seem to believe what the accused is saying. 3. The Queen’s Counsels are expected to appear only in the most important cases. 4. These vandals appear to have no common sense at all. 5. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten because it is not codified as a whole in any particular document. 6. The litigation is unlikely to be settled soon. 7. George is widely believed to have been wrongly accused. 8. The lawyer is sure to sign the contract with this firm. 9. The jury were alleged to have been bribed. 10. This evidence provedto have helped the investigator in solving the crime. 11. She is thought to have been smuggled out of the country in the back of the lorry. 12. This young man is likely to have committed the crime. 13. The prisoners are reported to be taking courses in different subjects. 14. He turned out to be a smuggler. 15. An American lawyer is usually supposed to lead a very wealthy and comfortable life. 16. They were seen to leave the room together. 17. The police officer happened to be at the crime scene at the moment of the commission of the offence.

3.* Раскройте скобки, выбирая правильный вариант. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He (believed/ is believed ) to have been stolen ₤1m. 2. The system of taxation (is unlike/ is unlikely ) to change in the foreseeable future. 3. He (is thought/ thought ) to have been involved in the theft. 4. The police (are appeared/ appeared ) to be watching them. 5. She (sure/ is sure) to find out the truth. 6. Barristers (known/ are known ) to spend most of their time either in a courtroom or preparing their arguments for the court. 7. He (seen/ was seen) looking for some traces on the ground. 8. The crime (seems/ is seemed ) to have been committed by a left-handed man. 9. The arrest of the criminal (reported / is reported) to have been affected. 10. If you (are happened/ happen ) to exceed the speed limit, you’ll be fined. 11. The Correctional System (is supposed/ supposed) to rehabilitate offenders through labour. 12. The defendant’s fingerprints (are proved/ proved) to be the only means of identifying the victim. 13. The injured man (is said/ said) to be recovering well. 14. His wife ( often heard/ was often heard) to cry.

4. Прочитайте и переведите предложения. Перефразируйте предложения так, чтобы они содержали инфинитивный оборот «Сложное подлежащее».

Model: It is a crime to smoke marijuana in England. – It seems to be a crime to smoke marijuana in England.

1. Scientists consider that corruption-related crimes are the most disruptive for the entire system of public administration. – Corruption-related crimes (to consider) …2. The suspect need not prove anything. – The suspect (to be unlikely)...3. He is suspected of arson. – He (to seem)... 4. English law has rather a long definition of murder. – English law (to know)... 5. The defendant's acts caused the death of the victim. – The defendant's acts (to happen)... 6. Mr. Brown was found not guilty. – Mr. Brown (to say)... 7. The criminal was caught red handed. – The criminal (to report)... 8. The victim has been poisoned. – The victim (to believe)... 9. They are cross-examining the suspect. – They (to suppose)... 10. The number of violent crimes is increasing. – The number of violent crimes (to appear)... 11. Labour Party is losing popularity. – Labour Party (to seem)... 12. The government has imposed new penalties upon the infringers. – The government (to prove)…13. Crime rate will decline. – Crime (to expect)…

5.* Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитивных оборотов «сложное дополнение» и «сложное подлежащее».

A. 1. I heard the door of the court hall open. 2. Do you expect the jury to believe that you are innocent? 3. Everybody expected this crime to be justifiable. 4. I saw the public meet that verdict with satisfaction. 5. A local authority prefers the child to remain at home under supervision. 6. The court allowed Mr. X. to remain at home. 7. They want him to be charged for the second time, but it’s prohibited by the law. 8. I hate you to say such terrible things.

B. 1. The information proved to be wrong. 2. The girl is considered to be in need of protection. 3. The young offender was seen to be working very hard. 4. He is expected to be honest during the trial. 5. He is known to earn money by writing law reports. 6. The court is unlikely to give a different sentence. 7. Three people are reported to have been injured in the accident. 8. He is believed to be the fairest judge in our town.

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Дата добавления: 2015-11-14