A. The Past Simple Tense.

The Past Simple Tense образуется путём прибавления окончания – ed или – d (если глагол оканчивается на гласный e) к основе правильных глаголов или путём различных изменений глагольной основы (для неправильных глаголов). Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в Past Simple (did) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.

Форма
Утвердительная	Отрицательная	Вопросительная
I You He lived She played It worked We wrote You They	I You He live She did not play It didn’t work We write You They	I you he live? Did she play? it work? we write? you they

NOTE: Окончание –ed произносится по-разному, в зависимости от характера предшествующего звука. Окончание –ed произносится так:

[t] после [s] – [pa:st]; [k] – [pækt]; [f] – [la:ft]; [p] – [dıpt]; [S ]–[brASt]; [tS ] –[klentSt];

[d] после всех гласных и звонких согласных [m, n, b, v, z, l, d ] – [lAvd], [pled], [bænd];

[Id] после звуков [t], [d] – [ 'lIftId]; ['nJdId].

The Past Simple Tense употребляется для выражения:

1. Действия, имевшего место в прошлом и никак не связанного с настоящим моментом; на время совершения действия могут указывать слова: yesterday, ago, last week, the other day и т.д.

He left yesterday.

I read the book long ago.

We met last week.

2. Последовательность действий при описании развития событий:

I got up at nine o'clock yesterday, had a cold shower, dressed and made a cup of tea and some sandwiches. I had breakfast, read a paper and at about ten o’clock went to the office.

3. Действия, которое длилось некоторый период времени в прошлом и теперь закончено. Для обозначения периода времени используются фразы с предлогами for и during.

Yesterday I walked in the park for two hours.

He studied hard for six years to become a doctor.

We met a lot of interesting people during the voyage.

Something unusual happened during the performance.

4. Обычных, повторяющихся действий, на которые указывают слова every (day, week, etc), usually, regularly, often, always, as a rule, etc.

Every Sunday she visited her relatives and helped them about the house.

He attended all the lectures regularly last summer.

NOTE: для выражения повторяющихся действий в прошлом используется также конструкция used to + инфинитив (“иметь обыкновение делать что-то”).

My mother and I used to discuss all our problems.

Last year I used to walk out my dog every morning.

Exercise 1. Read the following Past Simple forms and group them according to the reading rules. Make sure that you know their meaning.

watched, played, opened, closed, promised, smiled, laughed, walked, listened, looked, worked, helped, explained, washed, lifted, wanted, pushed, pulled, kissed, finished, started, brushed, liked, loved, hated, jumped, dropped, climbed.

Exercise 2. Give the Past Simple form of the following verbs. Make sure that you know their meaning.

take, see, sleep, give, bring, speak, tell, go, come, meet, send, build, catch, begin, know, teach, make, understand, sit, stand, sing, do, buy, lose, find, hurt, put, cost, leave, keep, fall, be, have, set, teach, rise, swim.

Exercise 3. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.

1. I was born in a big American family.

2. The students were busy preparing for exams.

3. I was shy in my childhood.

4. Mrs Sweet taught Geography at school.

5. We did all the work in time.

6. The scouts heard something strange.

7. My father read all the detective stories from the public library.

8. It started raining.

9. Our group liked the new teacher.

10. My little sister had a kitten.

11. Our family had dinner early yesterday.

12. It snowed a lot last winter.

Exercise 4. Complete these sentences. Use one of these verbs in the Past Simple.

clean, die, enjoy, finish, happen, live, open, play, rain, smoke, start, stay, want watch

1. Yesterday evening I watched television.

2. I … my teeth three times yesterday.

3. Bernard … 20 cigarettes yesterday evening.

4. The concert last night … at 7.30 and … at 10 o’clock.

5. The accident … last Sunday afternoon.

6. When I was a child, I … to be a doctor.

7. Mozart … from 1756 to 1791.

8. We … our holiday last year. We … at a very good hotel.

9. Today the weather is nice, but yesterday it ….

10. It was hot in the room, so I … the window.

11. The weather was good yesterday, so we … tennis.

13. William Shakespeare … in 1616.

Exercise 5. Write sentences about the past (yesterday, last week etc.)

1. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday he went to work by car.

5. They always get up early. This morning they ….

6. Bill often loses his keys. He … last Saturday.

7. I write a letter to Jane every week. Last week ….

8. She meets her friends every evening. She … yesterday evening.

9. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. … last Sunday.

10. I usually read two newspapers every day. … yesterday.

11. They come to my house every Friday. Last Friday ….

12. John always has a shower in the morning. … this morning.

13. They buy a new car every year. Last year ….

14. I eat an orange every day. Yesterday ….

15. We usually do our shopping on Monday. … last Monday.

16. Ann often takes photographs. Last weekend ….

17. We leave home at 8.30 every morning. … this morning.

Exercise 6. Write sentences about yourself. What did you do yesterday or what happened yesterday?

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Exercise 7. Complete these sentences with the verb in the negative.

1. I saw John but I didn’t see Mary.

2. They worked on Monday but they … on Tuesday.

3. We went to the shop but we … to the bank.

4. She had a pen but she … any paper.

5. Jack did French at school but he … German.

Exercise 8. You are asking somebody questions. Write questions with Did…?

1. I watched TV last night. And you? …?

2. I enjoyed the party. And you? …?

3. I had a good holiday. And you? …?

4. I got up early this morning. And you? …?

5. I slept well last night. And you? …?

Exercise 9. What did you do yesterday? (your sentences may be positive or negative).

1. (watch TV) ………………………

2. (get up before 7.30) I ……………

3. (have a shower) I ………………...

4. (buy a magazine) ………………...

5. (speak English) …………………..

6. (do an examination) ………………

7. (eat meat)…………………………

8. (go to bed before 10.30) ………….

Exercise 10. Write questions with who/what/how/why …?

1. I met somebody. Who did you meet?

2. Harry arrived. What time … Harry …?

3. I saw somebody. Who … you …?

4. They wanted something. What …?

5. The meeting finished. What time …?

6. Pat went home early. Why …?

7. We had dinner. What … for dinner?

8. It cost a lot of money. How …?

Exercise 11. Put he verb in the correct form of the past (positive, negative or question).

1. I … (play) tennis yesterday but I … (not /win).

2. We … (wait) a long time for a bus but it …(not/come).

3. That’s a nice shirt. Where … (you/buy) it?

4. She … (see) me but she … (not speak) to me.

5. “… (it/rain) yesterday?” “No, it was a nice day.”

6. That was a stupid thing to do. Why … (you/do) it?

Exercise 12. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Они купили новый дом в прошлом году.

2. Когда они видели его в последний раз?

3. Когда он сказал вам об этом?

4. На прошлой неделе мы не выходили из дома по вечерам.

5. Это случилось неделю назад.

6. Они поженились, когда Джону было 24, а Лизе – 18.

7. Кто встречал вас на вокзале?

8. Я нашла это в шкафу.

9. Прошлая зима была тёплой.

10.Где вы познакомились с этой девушкой?

11.Мы решили послать эту телеграмму вчера.

12.Сколько раз вы бывали в институте в прошлом году?

Exercise 13. Give a short account of:

a) what you did yesterday;

b) your family did on Sunday;

c) how you spent your last summer holidays.

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